Which is a.) Reduction of cancer risks b.) Correction of cancer genes or c.) Destruction of cancer tissues Only most likely choice for the following Individual Assignment 3 - 10 Discoveries in the War on Cancer1. Biochemists have discovered a protein kinase enzyme named BRAF that is an important linkin a molecular pathway that causes a cell to divide. Normally, BRAF responds to signalscoming from outside the cell-signals calling for the cell to divide normally under normalconditions. But there is a mutation in BRAF enzymes that causes it to activate the cell towarddivision continually. In this way it gives rise to melanomas and thyroid or ovarian cancers.Biochemists have also found a drug, vemurafenib, which binds selectively to mutant BRAFtotally inactivating it. Cells that have inactivated BRAF undergo apoptosis-a process thatleads to cell death.2. Biochemists are analyzing the many, many components of red meat (beef and pork) todetermine which component, if any, will cause increased colorectal cancer rates in micewhen the component is administered orally. Studies have shown that higher colorectal cancerrates in humans are associated with higher consumption rates of red meat.3. Immunologists are investigating ways to destroy lymphocytes (white blood cells of theimmune system) that have become cancerous (lymphomas). A current drug Rituxamabcontains antibodies that bind to the surfacesdestruction by the cancer patient's own immune system. They are currently seeking ways tomodify the antibody's structure so that it will attract the cancer patient's "natural killer" (NK)cells to the lymphocytes. Success of this project will bring a multi-faceted immune responseagainst lymphomas and hasten destruction.these lymphocytes setting them up for4. Virologists are modifying lentiviruses as vectors for carrying proto-oncogenes into cancer-transformed cells in culture. They are developing this virus for inserting the ras proto-oncogene directly into its correct location in the genome. The correct ras gene will already belinked to human DNA on either side of it and complexed with a recombination enzyme thatwill insert it into its correct location within the human genome. At the same time, therecombination enzyme will excise the defective oncogenic form of ras. The cells in cultureshould again come under normal hormonal control and require extra-cellular signals in orderto continue dividing.5. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. It is a risk factor forlung cancer and several other types of cancer. Results of analysis of the entire human genecollection (the "genome") support some previous findings that a region of humanchromosome number 15 contains one or more genes that are associated with smokingintensity (the number of cigardependency. Scanning people's genomes for these genes will help them to determine theirrisk of addiction should they begin smoking tobacco.smoked per day) and the closely related trait of nicotine6. Molecular biologists have developed a new sequence of human genes called an ankyrininsulator sequence. A new corrected or therapeutic gene is placed within this sequence. Itsrole is to create an active area on a human chromosome where the new gene can workefficiently no matter what chromosome it lands on.

Question

Which is a.) Reduction of cancer risks  b.) Correction of cancer genes or c.) Destruction of cancer tissues Only most likely choice for the following Individual Assignment 3 - 10 Discoveries in the War on Cancer1. Biochemists have discovered a protein kinase enzyme named BRAF that is an important linkin a molecular pathway that causes a cell to divide. Normally, BRAF responds to signalscoming from outside the cell-signals calling for the cell to divide normally under normalconditions. But there is a mutation in BRAF enzymes that causes it to activate the cell towarddivision continually. In this way it gives rise to melanomas and thyroid or ovarian cancers.Biochemists have also found a drug, vemurafenib, which binds selectively to mutant BRAFtotally inactivating it. Cells that have inactivated BRAF undergo apoptosis-a process thatleads to cell death.2. Biochemists are analyzing the many, many components of red meat (beef and pork) todetermine which component, if any, will cause increased colorectal cancer rates in micewhen the component is administered orally. Studies have shown that higher colorectal cancerrates in humans are associated with higher consumption rates of red meat.3. Immunologists are investigating ways to destroy lymphocytes (white blood cells of theimmune system) that have become cancerous (lymphomas). A current drug Rituxamabcontains antibodies that bind to the surfacesdestruction by the cancer patient's own immune system. They are currently seeking ways tomodify the antibody's structure so that it will attract the cancer patient's &#34;natural killer&#34; (NK)cells to the lymphocytes. Success of this project will bring a multi-faceted immune responseagainst lymphomas and hasten destruction.these lymphocytes setting them up for4. Virologists are modifying lentiviruses as vectors for carrying proto-oncogenes into cancer-transformed cells in culture. They are developing this virus for inserting the ras proto-oncogene directly into its correct location in the genome. The correct ras gene will already belinked to human DNA on either side of it and complexed with a recombination enzyme thatwill insert it into its correct location within the human genome. At the same time, therecombination enzyme will excise the defective oncogenic form of ras. The cells in cultureshould again come under normal hormonal control and require extra-cellular signals in orderto continue dividing.5. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. It is a risk factor forlung cancer and several other types of cancer. Results of analysis of the entire human genecollection (the &#34;genome&#34;) support some previous findings that a region of humanchromosome number 15 contains one or more genes that are associated with smokingintensity (the number of cigardependency. Scanning people's genomes for these genes will help them to determine theirrisk of addiction should they begin smoking tobacco.smoked per day) and the closely related trait of nicotine6. Molecular biologists have developed a new sequence of human genes called an ankyrininsulator sequence. A new corrected or therapeutic gene is placed within this sequence. Itsrole is to create an active area on a human chromosome where the new gene can workefficiently no matter what chromosome it lands on.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to the defects in the cell…