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- The pentadienyl radical, H2C“CH¬CH“CH¬CH2#, has its unpaired electron delocalized over three carbon atoms.(a) Use resonance forms to show which three carbon atoms bear the unpaired electron.(b) How many MOs are there in the molecular orbital picture of the pentadienyl radical?(c) How many nodes are there in the lowest-energy MO of the pentadienyl system? How many in the highest-energy MO?(d) Draw the MOs of the pentadienyl system in order of increasing energy. (continued)762 CHAPTER 15 Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy(e) Show how many electrons are in each MO for the pentadienyl radical (ground state).(f) Show how your molecular orbital picture agrees with the resonance picture showing delocalization of the unpairedelectron onto three carbon atoms.(g) Remove the highest-energy electron from the pentadienyl radical to give the pentadienyl cation. Which carbon atomsshare the positive charge? Does this picture agree with the resonance picture?(h) Add an…The pentadienyl radical, H2C“CH¬CH“CH¬CH2#, has its unpaired electron delocalized over three carbon atoms.(a) Use resonance forms to show which three carbon atoms bear the unpaired electron.(b) How many MOs are there in the molecular orbital picture of the pentadienyl radical?(c) How many nodes are there in the lowest-energy MO of the pentadienyl system? How many in the highest-energy MO?(d) Draw the MOs of the pentadienyl system in order of increasing energyIn cyclooctatetrane, how many electrons are in nonbonding molecular orbitals?
- Molecule C shown below contains a group called an allene. An allene has the structure of one central carbon being doubly bonded to two other carbons (C=C=C). Please draw out all of the p-orbitals that are involved in the pi-system for molecule C. b) The p-orbital on carbon 1 in molecule C are not in conjugation with the p-orbital on carbon 2 (ie the p- orbitals are not pointing in the same direction and there is no overlap). Why does this happen?Consider any one of the four identical hybrid orbitals in the 109.5° set. a. What fraction of the clay in this hybrid orbital was originally red (carne from the 2s orbital)? b. What fraction of the clay in this hybrid orbital was originally green (carne from a 2porbital)? c. Explain the name “ s(1/4)p(3/4) hybrid orbital” for each of the four orbitals. d. In fact, each of the four hybrid orbitals in the 109.5° set is called an sp3 -hybrid orbital.Explain the name “ sp3 -hybrid orbital.”What is the degree of unsaturation of C8H10ClNO? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
- Draw one all-bonding MO, thena pair of degenerate MOs, and then a final pair of degenerate MOs. Draw the energydiagram, fill in the electrons, and confirm the electronic configurations of the cyclopentadienyl cation and anionThe purine heterocycle occurs commonly in the structure of DNA. In what type of orbital does each lone pair on a N atom reside?Draw the molecular orbital diagram of a linear C-H (i.e. one carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom). Draw out the MOs for orbitals containing electrons. 1. Would you expect C-H to behave as a carbocation, carbanion, or radical? 2. Would removal of one electron from C-H to generate C-H+ increase or decrease the bond length between carbon and hydrogen?
- Which MOs are the HOMO and the LUMO in the ground state? for the MOs of 1,3,5-hexatrieneRank the compounds in order of increasing symmetry: (a) OF2, (b) CF4, (c) NF3.1/ Show how the participating p orbitals interact to form the highest energy pi molecular orbital of benzene. 2/ Use the polygon rule to draw the MO energy diagram of the cyclononatetraenyl anion. Assuming planarity, would this ion be aromatic or antiaromatic?