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- Question 29 options: If 6 molecules of acetyl CoA were completely oxidized by the CAC, how many molecules of FADH2 would be produced?Question 1: In some microorganisms, carbon fixation occurs by reversal of the citric acid cycle. This reversal is accomplished in part by the use of a strong reductant (ferredoxin) to drive the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction in the reductive direction. Part a: ΔG°‘ for reaction as it occurs in the ‘normal’ (oxidative) citric acid cycle is -30.1 kJ/mol. The standard reduction potential for NADH is -0.32 V. In order to drive the reaction in the reverse direction, the reductant (a ferredoxin) must have a lower reduction potential than NADH/NAD+. Remembering that this is a two-electron reduction, and using the numbers given just above, compute the value of the ferredoxin reduction potential that would be needed to make the standard free energy zero (so that the reductive reaction is enegetically just as favorable as the oxidative reaction). Assume that all of the other reactants are the same in the reductive as in the oxidative reaction. Write out the steps in your calculation;…QUESTION 2An isocitrate dehydrogenase assay was performed on the enzyme sample and found to give an absorbance change at 340nm of 0.5 absorbance units perminute. Given that the molar absorption coefficient (E) is 6220 M-1 cm-1 and the pathlength is 1cm, what is the rate of the enzyme catalysed reaction in umol perminute per mL?
- Question: Fumerase is an enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the conversion of fumerate to L-malate. Given the fumerate (substrate) concentrations and initial velocities below, construct a Lineweaver-Burk plot and determine Vmax and Km values for the fumerase catalyzed reaction. Fumerate (mM) Rate (mmol l-1 min-1) 2.0 2.5 3.3 3.1 5.0 3.6 10.0 4.2 Fumerase has a molecular weight of 194,000 and is composed of four identical subunits, each with an active site. If the enzyme concentration is 1 x 10-8 M for the experiment in part (a), calculate kcat value for the reaction of fumerase with fumerate. Note: units for kcat are reciprocal seconds (s-1).Question:- ATP is an important source of energy for muscle contraction. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase is activated by calcium, which increases greatly in concentration during exercise. Why is activation of the phosphatase consistent with the metabolic requirements of muscle during contraction?Question 1: The overall process enabled by the glyoxylate cycle is: (2acetyl-CoA) + (NAD+) + (2H2O) → (succinate) + (2CoA) + (NADH) + (2H+) Dissect this process further by writing down all of the reactions that are actually involved in making one succinate from two acetyl-CoA units. Show chemical structure for all intermediates.
- Question:: Acyl CoA synthetase hydrolyzes ATP to AMP + PPI (pyrophosphate) as part of the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA. Explain the role played by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase in this reaction (in the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl CoA) in the space provided below.QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonicQuestion:- 33) Glucose-6-phosphate has different pathways that it can enter in the liver during the fed state. All of the following are possible except OA.) it is oxidized to acetyl CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis O B). it can enter the pathway for glycogen biosynthesis O c.) it is a substrate for glucose-6-phosphatase OD. )it is oxidized in glycolysis to provide energy for the body
- QUESTION 22 When the final product of a series of enzymatically-catalyzed reactions binds to the first enzyme in the pathway to limit its production, it generally uses ___ because the structure of this final product is generally not similar to that of any of the enzyme's normal substrates. Allosteric activation Zymogen activation Covalent modification Competitive inhibition Allosteric inhibitionQuestion:- 1.) If 2 molecules of glucose enters glycolysis, a total of how many carbon dioxide molecules are released after Krebs Cycle including those released during pyruvate processing?Question:- What is the standard state ∆G^(°') of the complete oxidation of the acetyl group in acetyl-CoA?