Which of the following enzymes works best in an acidic environment? a. amylase. b. pepsin. c. gastrin. d. trypsin. e. carboxypeptidase. Which of the following interacts with both humoral and cell-mediated immune systems? a. plasma cell. b. cytotoxic T cell. c. natural killer cell. d. CD8 cellI. e. helper T cell.
Q: which of the following is true about the immune system? check all that apply. a. cd8 t cells…
A: Introduction The main function of the immune system is to protect us from foreign substances and…
Q: Which of the following statements about T cells is false? a. Helper T cells release cytokines while…
A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…
Q: How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead…
A: Human immunodeficiency viruses causes AIDS.This is the condition where gradual failure of immune…
Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. activation of memory cells: secondary immune…
A: Explanation given for the mismatch pair.
Q: The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n) A) phagocyte.…
A: The innate immune system is the first line of defence in the body.
Q: Humoral immunity is the part of the adaptive immune system involving: A.cytotoxic T cells killing…
A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired or specific immune system. It is a subset of…
Q: The formed elements of the blood:
A: Hemopoiesis is the production of blood cells from red bone marrow. Erythrocytes ,leucocytes and…
Q: Cell-mediated immune response includes the following except to ______. A. activate B lymphocyte B.…
A: Cell mediated immune response is carried out by T lymohocytes of our immune system. It is an immune…
Q: A. Kills diseased human cells B. Targets primarily eukaryotic pathogens and viruses C. Stimulates…
A: 1. Neutrophils- They constitute the majority of the white blood cells( 50℅- 70%). In response to…
Q: Ibuprofen dampens the immune system’s inflammation response.What might be a short-term consequence…
A: Ibuprofen is a type of NSAID, which is used for treating inflammation, fever, pain... It basically…
Q: How are neutrophils targeted from the blood vessels to the sites of inflammation? A. they bind to…
A: Neutrophils are a class of white blood cells that aids in the healing of damaged tissues and the…
Q: What is the innate nonspecific immune system? O a. the production of antibody molecules against…
A: Answer : Option (a) is right. - the production of antibody molecules against pathogens.
Q: Which of the following is not a function of T-helper cells: O A) It recognizes foreign fragments…
A: T cells or T-helper provide help to another cell in the immune response by recognizing foreign…
Q: Which of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the…
A: Immunity can be defined as the capacity of the body to fight against the pathogens attacking the…
Q: A person who has received a vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes genital warts and…
A: Answer: Option: a] Is able to produce antibodies against HPV. Only a subset of individuals…
Q: .
A: There are two types of the T cells based on the glycoprotein attached , these are CD4 cells and the…
Q: What is the function of memory T-cells? Select one: a. Pump out chemical weapons and stimulate…
A: Memory T cells are produced by naive T cells that are activated, but never entered with…
Q: Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?(a) T cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in the…
A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…
Q: An important distinction between macrophages that populate the lamina propria of the gut and the…
A: Answer is c.) do not possess signaling receptors needed for production of inflammatory cytokines.
Q: What is the function of the blood-thymus barrier?a. It protects maturing T-lymphocytes from antigens…
A: The blood thymus barrier found in the cortex part of the thymus.
Q: The innate immune response is characterized by itsa. rapid response to invading pathogens.b. ability…
A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…
Q: Sponges display nonspecific immunity. In an experiment, the cells of two different sponges were…
A: Immunology is the branch of science that deals with the study of the immune system, its mechanisms,…
Q: Which of the following does not occur during a secondary immuneresponse?a. Antibodies are made…
A: Secondary Immune Response: Secondary Immune Response is one of the important features in which the…
Q: Cytokines (a) are regulatory Toll-like receptors (b) prevent the inflammatory response (c) include…
A: Cytokines are a group of proteins released by specialized immune cells. These proteins work as a…
Q: Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a. are antibodies recognizing specific antigens.…
A: The first line of defense against invading pathogens is the innate immune response. They are also…
Q: Biologists can develop antibodies against nerve growth factor (i.e., molecules that inactivate nerve…
A: The brain is a dynamic structure that undergoes structural modifications throughout the life of an…
Q: Which of these is a valid example of an antigen and its corresponding epitope? Select one: a. An…
A: Antigen is any substance that causes body's immune system to produce antibodies against it .
Q: The detrimental effects of Lupus erythematosis are initiated by A. activated T cells attacking…
A: Lupus erythematosus: It is an auto-immune disease, in which the human immune system kills its own…
Q: A drug that were to inhibit the activity of T suppressor cells would lead to _______. a.…
A: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) also known as supressor t cell are a specialized subpopulation of T cells…
Q: Which of the following best describes the movement of a T cell through a lymph node? a. It enters…
A: T-cells are part of the cell-mediated immune system in humans. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped…
Q: One of the common characteristics of lymphocytes (1), neutrophils, and macrophages) the resulting…
A: In the human body, the resistance against the entry of any foreign particle or antigens is executed…
Q: The following are characteristics of innate immune receptors except A. trigger immediate response…
A: Innate immunity is a nonspecific immune response having physical, physiological, cellular, and…
Q: Toll-like receptors (TLRS) act to A. cause phagocytic chemotaxis. B. induce phagocytosis. C. bind…
A: The immune system of any living being is important for its living or survival. When the immune…
Q: In a normal individual, a T cell that interacts with a self-antigen in the thymus will more than…
A: Introduction Immunity is the property or ability of the body to defend against the pathogens.…
Q: Which of the following are pattern recognition receptors? A, receptors for interferons B. lymphocyte…
A: Various PRRs can be secreted by cells, and bind straightforwardly to invading micro organisms. A few…
Q: Which part of an antibody binds to the antigen? a. Heavy chain. b. Light chain. c. Variable region.…
A: Which part of the antibody binds to antigen ? Answer : c. Variable region The variable region is…
Q: What is the single best defining feature of a lymphocyte? A A type of leukocyte B A cell that is…
A: There are two types of lymphocytes- T Lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes. B Lymphocytes are produced in…
Q: Which of the following can serve as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?a. T cells b. B cells c.…
A: Antigen-presenting cells (APC) include a diverse group of immune cells that mediate cellular immune…
Q: Which of the following should be the same inidentical twins?(A) the set of antibodies produced(B)…
A: The term MHC denotes Major Histocompatibility complex molecule. This molecule is the host protein…
Q: Which cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not has a function or role in both the…
A: Answer Macrophages are phagocytes derived from blood monocytes. The monocyte is a small spherical…
Q: Which of the following is TRUE regarding Gram negative bacteria? a- Their cell wall is composed of a…
A: Dear student, you have posted three separate questions, in a single question. Please don't make it…
Q: How do Eosinophils provide protective immunity against parasites ? A. By secreting antibodies B. By…
A: Eosinophils are multipurpose cells that have a role in innate and adaptive immunity, metabolism, and…
Q: Which of the following statements is not true?(A) An antibody has more than one antigen-binding…
A: The ability of the body to defend itself against invading foreign agents like bacteria, viruses, or…
Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. plasma cell: mediation of phagocytosis and killing…
A: The immune system is a defense mechanism used by humans to protect the body from foreign invaders.…
Q: consider the figure below that shows time on the X axis and number of antigen- specific adaptive…
A: Humans have a well-developed immune system that helps in fighting infections. The immune system…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Which of the following statements is NOT true of a fever?a. Temperature is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting.b. The higher than normal body temperature impairs the functions of some bacteria.c. The higher than normal body temperature is always harmful.d. The higher temperature impairs leukocytes andantibody production.e. Both c and d. Which of the following statements is NOT true of antibodies?a. They bind to foreign antigens, making them susceptible to being engulfed by phagocytes.b. They serve as specific binding sites on B cells.c. An antibody is usually able to bind to a variety of different types of antigensd. They are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains.Which of the following statements is true about the IL-1 family of cytokines? A. They are powerful activators of inflammation b. They are chemotaxis mediators. c. Directly stimulate the growth of immune system cells in the bone marrow d. They are mainly mediators of the antiviral response. Which of these is not part of insect immunity?(A) enzyme activation of pathogen-killingchemicals(B) activation of natural killer cells(C) phagocytosis by hemocytes(D) production of antimicrobial peptides
- Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections over and over again- unlike the rest of us. A. What is probably wrong –B cells, helper T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells? B. Should this person be at a higher risk of cancer than the rest of us? C. Should this person be able to lyse bacterial cells as well as the rest of us? D. Should this person tolerate a graft (from an unreated person) better than you are me?The autoimmune attack on nAChR leads to a decrease in the number of available receptors due to antibodies binding to the receptors. 2. Where could you find these antibodies binding? Choose ALL that apply. a. effectors of the parasympathetic nervous system b. effectors of the somatic nervous system c. effectors of the sympathetic nervous system d. pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system e. pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system f. post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system g. post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system PLEASE EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!46) FcRn are essential for: a) reducing immune inflammation after acute infection b) increasing mast cell activation c) camel immune homeostasis d) absorption of IgG by infants e) none of these 47) An example of a live attenuated viral vaccine currently produced is: a) HIV b) Anthrax c) Polio d) cholera e) all of these 48) C8 is consider: a) an essential early protein in the complement cascade b) an essential late protein in the complement cascade c) an optional early protein in the complement cascade d) an optional late protein in the complement cascade e) more than one of these 49) Mycobacterium often escape CMI by: a) inhibiting TAP b) producing IL-10 c) inhibiting MHC class I production d) destroying NK cells e) inhibiting phagolysosome fusion 50) IL-4 is essential for B cells to switch to: a) IgA b) IgG c) laE d) IgD e) IgM
- Which one of the following most correctly describes vaccines containing live, attenuated pathogens? A.They are administered by injection. B.They provide little cell-mediated immunity. C.There is no possibility for reversion to pathogenic form. D.Pathogen does not multiply in human hosts E.They provide extended, sometimes life-long immunity.The pathogenesis of food allergy involves: a) The production of immunoglobulin G to stimulate increased clinical manifestations b) A hypo-responsiveness of the immune system to ingested allergens c) The binding of immunoglobulin E to effector cells like mast cells and basophils d) Decreased degranulation of mast cells and basophilsA good example of molecular mimicry is a. Decreased number of regulatory T cells in aging. b. The release of antigen sites of immune privilege. c The immune system attacks autoantigens because they are similar to bacterial antigens. d. Similarities between the shape of immune cells and pathogens.
- What is the single best defining feature of a lymphocyte? A A type of leukocyte B A cell that is specialized to produce cytokines C Present in the circulation D Antigen-specific E Able to undergo cell proliferation What is the characteristic that best defines the adaptive (acquired immune response? A It exhibits immunological memory B It involves leukocytes C It involves cell proliferation D The cells involved recognize pathogens E It is not present at birthSponges display nonspecific immunity. In an experiment, the cells of two different sponges were mixed and placed within a petri dish. The cells from each sponge sorted and arranged themselves together according to organism. What does this characteristic demonstrate? A. Sponges have memory T-cells and share a more recent common ancestor with vertebrates than other invertebrates. B. The experiment provides evidence for the speed of evolution and the use of specific immunity within the organism. C. Sponges have an ability to recognize their own cells as a characteristic of acquired immunity. D. Sharing genetic information from cell to cell is possible by means of receptors and protein-lined pits.The vascular changes of inflammationa. lead to an increase in bacterial cells at the injury site.b. decrease the number of leukocytes at the injury site.c. allow plasma proteins to move easily from the bloodstream to theinjury site.d. increase the number of antibodies at the injury site.e. activate lymphocytes.