bockWhich of the following is a mechanism through which pain signals are modulated?esc片7the pain and temperature afferents are all unmyelinatedpain fibers only have a rapid response to pain that dulls quicklyacetylcholine release from the dorsal raphe reduces the response to painreceptors for touch provide inhibitory inputs to pain fibers in the dorsal hornCQANHa2WXalt#4101%***517B&7H7DN84ㄴ81-M5K0192VO6altVP311(*)A

The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the central organ of…

Answered: Which of the following is a mechanism…

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter30: Sensory Perception

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SA

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/DanielleReed) to learn about Dr. Danielle Reed of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, PA, who became interested in science at an early age because of her sensory experiences. She recognized that her sense of taste was unique compared with other people she knew. Now, she studies the genetic differences between people and their sensitivities to taste stimuli. In the video, there is a brief image of a person sticking out their tongue, which has been covered with a colored dye. This is how Dr. Reed is able to visualize and count papillae on the surface of the tongue. People fall into two large groups known as tasters and non-tasters on the basis of the density of papillae on their tongue, which also indicates the number of taste buds. Non-tasters can taste food, but they are not as sensitive to certain tastes, such as bitterness. Dr. Reed discovered that she is a non-taster, which explains why she perceived bitterness differently than other people she knew. Are you very sensitive to tastes? Can you see any similarities among the members of your family?
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/occipital) to learn more about a transverse section through the brain that depicts the visual pathway from the eye to the occipital cortex. The first half of the pathway is the projection from the RGCs through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus on either side. This first fiber in the pathway synapses on a thalamic cell that then projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe where seeing, or visual perception, takes place. This video gives an abbreviated overview of the visual system by concentrating on the pathway from the eyes to the occipital lobe. The video makes the statement (at 0:45) that specialized cells in the retina called ganglion cells convert the light rays into electrical signals. What aspect of retinal processing is simplified by that statement? Explain your answer.
Which of the special senses is based on the following events? Membrane vibrations cause fluid movements, which lead to bending of mechanoreceptors and firing of action potentials. a. taste b. smell c. hearing d. vision
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/2point) to see a quick demonstration of two-point discrimination. Touching a specialized caliper to the surface of the skin will measure the distance between two points that are perceived as distinct stimuli versus a single stimulus. The patient keeps their eyes closed while the examiner switches between using both points of the caliper or just one. The patient then must indicate whether one or two stimuli are in contact with the skin. Why is the distance between the caliper points closer on the fingertips as opposed to the palm of the hand? And what do you think the distance would be on the arm, or the shoulder?
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/3Dmovies) to learn about the side effects of 3-D movies. As discussed in this video, movies that are shot in 3-D can cause motion sickness, which elicits the autonomic symptoms of nausea and sweating. The disconnection between the perceived motion on the screen and the lack of any change in equilibrium stimulates these symptoms. Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?
Enkephalin blocks pain transmission by :-a- blocking the response of pain receptors to painful stimulib- slowing down transmission of pain impulses through synapses in the pain pathwayc- inhibiting the response of the cerebral cortical somatic sensory area to pain signalsd- blocking Ca ++ channels in the central terminals of pain sensory fibers
Which options are true regarding the gate control theory of pain? Select all that apply: a. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals b. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and potentiate incoming pain signals c. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, will soothe the injury d. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse directly onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals e. Mechanoreceptor fibres synapse onto interneurons, which synapse onto nociceptor fibres and inhibit incoming pain signals f. Applying a mechanical stimulus, such as grabbing the injured area, is a natural defensive reaction, but does little to actually affect incoming pain signals.
Nociceptors are pain receptors that respond to noxious stimuli, and send AP's to both the spinal cord and the brain. What type of stimuli activate nociceptor neurons?
Fine touch :-a- is detected by slowly adapting touch receptorsb- is transmitted by the spinothalamic tractc- is characterized by it emotional affectd- is not involved in feeling the texture of touched objects
Fast pain differs from slow pain in :-a- being transmitted in the dorsal column pathwayb- evoking a depressor autonomic reactionc- having a sharp qualityd- arising from encapsulated pain receptors
What information does the pain receptor relay to the brain about stimuli BELOW threshold 1)The duration of the stimulation 2)The location of the stimulation 3)The membrane potential at the site of stimulation 4)none of the above
A pin can be pressed against the skin lightly and elicit no response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. Use what you know about threshold potential and the all-or-none principle to explain different levels of sensation (light touch or pain)

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