Which of the following statements is not always correct? In two-input production models, constant returns to scale indicate horizontal marginal cost curves. If labour and capital are perfect complements in production, short run supply curves involve a vertical segment. When output price increases, the long run increase in labour input use will be more than the short run increase in labour input use. If a monopolist has zero marginal and fixed costs and faces a market demand curve with constant price elasticity -1, then any quantity is profit maximising
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- I need to second half answered. JointJuice produces a prepackaged joint support supplement for relief of joint pain with 180 tablets per bottle and operates in a perfectly competitive market. Basically, all the firms in this competitive market have technologies (production and cost conditions) that are the same as JointJuice’s. Suppose JointJuice’s total cost function is given by the following where q is JointJuice’s quantity of packages per day: C(q) = 250 + 6q + 0.1q^2 The market demand function for the output in this market is given by: Q = 1848 - 2P If there are 20 identical firms in this industry, find the market equilibrium price for the prepackaged supplements. Calculate JointJuice’s optimal output level and profits given the market price for the product. If JointJuice is typical of the firms in this industry calculate the firm’s long-run equilibrium output, price, and profit level. - answers for first half JointJuice is a prepackages supplement-producing firm. Suppose…Labour Demand with Monopsony in the Labour Market and Monopoly in the Output Market in the Short Run. You are the manager of a business that operates as a Monopolist in the output market, and it is a Monopsonist in the local labour market. The production function of the business is given by: Q=4L In the production function, Q is output, L is the number of workers employed, As a Monopolist, the firm faces a market demand given by: P = 100-Q As a Monopsonist the firm faces a supply of labour given by the expression: w = 8L a) Calculate the equilibrium number of units of labour employed in short run. b) Briefly discuss the advantages for a firm of being a Monopolist in the output Market and a Monopsonist in the Labour Market and try to find a real life example of a firm that can modeled as a Monopolist/ Monopsonist. c) What have you learn from doing or thinking about this problem?Exercise 6.8. Two companies with cost functions C1 (q1 )=5q1 and C2 (q2)= 0.5 q2 ² supply the to the same market. If the inverse market demand function is given by P = 100 - 0,5Q , where Q = q₁ + q₂ , find a) The production level of each firm, the price and the profits if the companies compete according to the Cournot model. (b) The level of production of each undertaking, the price and the profits if the undertakings agree to jointly maximise their profits. Show the results with the help of graphs.
- Consider a market with 190 consumers. Of these, 90 of them have individual (inverse) demands given by: PM(Q)=10−Q, while each of the other 100 has an individual (inverse) demand of PS(Q)=10−10Q. The cost function of the monopolist serving this market is C(Q) = 6Q - Q^2/400 . (a) Find the aggregate demand. Analyze the cost function and find what kind of returns to scale it exhibits. Compute the efficient total output (ignoring break-even constraints).(b) Compute the optimal linear price (and quantity) for this monopolist, and the deadweight loss.Which of the following is true? When the marginal cost is greater than the average cost, there are economies of scale. The average expenditure of a monopsonist is decreasing in the quantity purchased. None of the other statements if true. Positive accounting profits in a long-run competitive equilibrium reflect economic rents from scarce factors of production.Please include step by step working and derivation of any methods used in the following questions: 1. a) Consider a homogeneous goods industry where two firms operate and the linear demand is given by p(y1 + y2) = a - b(y1 + y2 ), where p is the market price, and y1 (y2) is the output produced by firm 1 (2). There are no costs for firm 1 or firm 2. Derive the best responses (reaction curve) for firm 1 and firm 2. Explain the term best response (reaction curve). Illustrate the best responses in a diagram. b) For the case in (a) determine the Cournot equilibrium (Nash equilibrium in quantities) when firm 1 and firm 2 compete simultaneously in quantities. How large are firm 1’s and firm 2’s profits? What is the industry output? c) Suppose the inverse demand curve in a market is D(p) =a-bp, where D(p) is the quantity demanded and p is the market price. Firm 1 is the leader and has a cost function c1(y1)=cy1 while firm 2 is the follower with a cost function c2(y2 )=. Firm 1 sets its…
- JointJuice produces a prepackaged joint support supplement for relief of joint pain with 180 tablets per bottle and operates in a perfectly competitive market. Basically, all the firms in this competitive market have technologies (production and cost conditions) that are the same as JointJuice’s. Suppose JointJuice’s total cost function is given by the following where q is JointJuice’s quantity of packages per day: C(q) = 250 + 6q + 0.1q^2 The market demand function for the output in this market is given by: Q = 1848 - 2P If there are 20 identical firms in this industry, find the market equilibrium price for the prepackaged supplements. Calculate JointJuice’s optimal output level and profits given the market price for the product. If JointJuice is typical of the firms in this industry calculate the firm’s long-run equilibrium output, price, and profit level. Suppose the situation changes. JointJuice has its plant in Portland Oregon. The local government passes a new tax on…Consider an imperfectly competitive service provider, Muscat Automotive Repair Services (MARS), whose total cost of production is C = 30Q +0. 165Q2. Also, MARS faces two different market segments, A and B, whose demands can be linearly expressed as QA = 240 − PA and QB = 120 − 0.5PB . (Hint: the marginal cost is the slope of the total cost function). 4. If MARS decides to segment the market in accordance with the demands of groups A and B, find the profit-maximizing prices and quantities (PA, QA) and (PB, QB).5. What is the value of the consumer surplus for each group A and B, under this segmentation strategy?6. Draw the situation described in (4) and (5) above, clearly showing each group’s profitmaximizing price and quantity, and the areas that correspond to their consumer surpluses.7. Verify the inverse elasticity rule under each of the scenarios described (1) and (4) above.PakMonoG’s inverse demand function is P = 100 – 2Q and cost function is TC = 10 + 2Q, where Q is quantity in units and P price in PKR. Determine the profit-maximizing price, quantity and profit (or loss) of PakMonoG. If we were to compare PakMonoG with a perfect competitive firm in the market, are there differences in characteristics of the two structures? What are welfare implications? Is total societal welfare of the firm higher or lower than that of a competitive firm?
- Which returns to scale will an efficient firm choose? What market structure has no loss in long run? What production function shows the maximum quantity of goods or services that can be produced with a set of inputs assuming one of the inputs used remains unchanged? Capacity planning refers to adjustment in production considering the what? What can destroy monopoly position?Consider a homogeneous good industry (such as an agricultural product) with just two firms and a total market demand Q = 400−P, so the inverse demand is P = 400 − Q. Suppose both firms have a constant marginal cost equal to $100 per unit of output and a fixed cost equal to $10,000. Suppose that the firms compete by simultaneously setting price, not simultaneously setting output. That is, suppose we consider the Bertrand model instead of the Cournot. Show that the two firms must earn lower profits. Hint: Create a two-by-two game using two different prices for each firm. One price should be the Cournot price (the Cournot is price of the good when firms produce the Cournot output you found above, which is 100 and 100, so the price is P = 400 − 100 − 100 = 200). The second price should be under 200 and over 150. Then show that the Nash equilibrium of this game is the lower of the two prices. When calculating profits, assume that each firm has equal sales (one half of demand) if they charge…Consider a market demand function P=100-0.01Q. There are only two firms in the market and each firm's total cost function is 40q to produce identical products. Suppose Firm 1 is the first mover (leader) and Firm 2 is the follower. What is the optimal level of quantity for Firm 2 in this Stackelberg model? 1000 1500 2000 25000 3000