Which of the following statemtents is inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics? a. The entropy of the universe tends to increase. b. Perpetual motion machines are impossible. c. The arrow of time moves in the forward direction. d. A refrigerator cycle is a spontaneous process. e. Heat spontaneously flows from high temperature to low temperature regions.

Which of the following statemtents is inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics? a. The entropy of the universe tends to increase. b. Perpetual motion machines are impossible. c. The arrow of time moves in the forward direction. d. A refrigerator cycle is a spontaneous process. e. Heat spontaneously flows from high temperature to low temperature regions.

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter18: Heat Engines, Entropy, And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 40P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Explain how water’s entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings.
(a) How much food energy will a man metabolize in the process of doing 35.0 kJ of work with an efficiency of 5.00%? (b) How much heal transfer occurs to the environment to keep his temperature constant? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem—Solving Strategy for thermodynamics found in Problem-Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics.
€69. Integrated Concepts (a) A large electrical power facility produces 1600 MW of “waste heat.” which is dissipated to the environment in cooling towers by warming air flowing through the towers by 500C. What is the necessary flow rate of air in m3/s ? (b) Is your result consistent with the large cooling towers used by many large electrical power plants?
. The temperature in the deep interiors of some giant molecular clouds in the Milky Way galaxy is 50 K. Compare the amount of energy that would have to be transferred to this environment to the amount that would have to transferred to a room temperature environment to bring about a 1.0 J/K increase in the entropy of the universe in each case.
Consider a system with a certain energy content, from which we wish to extract as much work as possible. Should the system's entropy be high or low? IS this orderly or disorderly? Structured or uniform? Explain briefly.
Assume a sample of an ideal gas is at room temperature. What action will necessarily make the entropy of the sample increase? (a) Transfer energy into it by heat, (b) Transfer energy into it irreversibly by heat, (c) Do work on it. (d) Increase either its temperature or its volume, without letting the other variable decrease, (e) None of those choices is correct.
Discuss three different common examples of natural processes that involve an increase in entropy. Be sure to account for all parts of each system under consideration.
Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies? Does its entropy change? If s, does the entropy increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
(a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment by an electrical power station that uses 1.251014J of heat transfer into the engine with an efficiency of 42.0%? (b) What is the ratio of heat transfer to the environment to work output? (c) How much work is done?
A power plant has been proposed that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean. The system is to operate between 20.0C (surface water temperature) and 5.00C (water temperature at a depth of about 1 km). (a) What is the maximum efficiency of such a system? (b) If the useful power output of the plant is 75.0 MW, how much energy is absorbed per hour? (c) In view of your answer to part (a), do you think such a system is worthwhile (considering that there is no charge for fuel)?
(a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.