Which of the following terms is used for the stage of viral replication primarily responsible for host range specificity? Maturation Penetration Release O Adsorption O Replication

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) The virus-host relationship usually…

A: Introduction: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and archaea and replicates within…

Q: Some phages have a modified replication cycle in which infected host cells continue to grow and…

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle area. adsorption, penetration, synthesis,…

A: A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes illness or disease to its host.…

Q: The genome of a virus consists of (a) DNA (b) RNA (c) prions (d) DNA and RNA (e) DNA or RNA

A: Viruses are obligate parasites that can reproduce only inside the host cells. They also do not have…

Q: Receptor molecules can determine the or tendency of a virus to infect a particular tissue type…

A: Tropism is measured by the presence of virus receptors on the surface of a host cell for several…

Q: During the infective process, viruses may incorporatesegments of the host genome into their…

A: All viruses depend on cells for reproduction and metabolic processes. Viruses do not encode for all…

Q: Which is the usual order of a viral replication cycle when it is making new virions? O Host…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite. They require host cell to complete their cycle from the…

Q: The process of creating conditions in which viruses evolve reduced virulence is attenuation.…

A: Virulence is the harm caused by pathogen infection, particularly in terms of host morbidity and…

Q: Stress can cause a latent virus to enter the lytic cycle, resulting in symptoms for the host. A.…

A: Virus is non - cellular particle which is smaller than the bacteria.  They  act as alive when enter…

Q: Capsid proteins are synthesized during which phase of viral replication? a. replication d.…

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle that possesses its genetic material enclosed inside a…

Q: All of the following are needed for coronavirus to infect the host and make more viral particles…

A: The coronavirus contains long RNA polymers in the core. Core is surrounded by capsid which is made…

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a virus with a promiscuous host range EXCEPT: Binding…

A: NOTE: Thanks for mentioning which answers you needed. Virus Virus is small infectious particles…

Q: Describe the replication cycle of retrovirus like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Be sure to…

A: Retroviruses are different from other viruses because they contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme,…

Q: Viruses Can Be  __________ and Counted in Plaque ____________ .

A: Viruses are infectious agents that are non-cellular and composed of genetic material covered by a…

Q: In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell __, and DNA viruses multiply in the cell __. a.…

A: Viruses are microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with naked eyes. The most unique nature of the…

Q: Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called a. plaques. b.…

A: Viruses are those microorganisms and they can live inside the host cells or other living things.…

Q: Using the virus HPV, describe the following: 1. Its physical structure 2. Its life cycle 3. Its…

A: HPV is also called Human papillomavirus which causes warts in the various parts of the body. It is…

Q: In the lytic life cycle of phages. Select one: O a. the cell typically dies, releasing many copies…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. The stages included in the lytic cycle are…

Q: prophage is a stage in the development of a/ana. bacterial virus. b. poxvirus.c. lytic virusd.…

A: To answer this question we must have knowledge about microbiology.

Q: . Complete the following table to compare viruses, viroids, and prions. Effects on host, or types of…

A: viruses, viroids and prions are all very small particles capable of infection. They have different…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristics of Reoviruses compared to other RNA viruses…

A: RNA viruses RNA viruses are those that contain RNA or ribonucleic acid as their genetic material.…

Q: Virology:viruses were initially believed to not serve any essential function for their host.Today we…

A: virus, it is infectious agent of small size with  simple composition which can multiply only in…

Q: Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages: I.…

A: Lytic cycle is one of the two cycle of viral reproduction which involves the lysis of the host cell.…

Q: What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into thehost genome?a. the RNA they…

A: The virus is the micro-organism that does not replicates independently and depends on host cells. It…

Q: infection mechanism

A: Viruses are submicroscopic infection agents that lack the capacity to live outside a host body. They…

Q: A graduate hopes to cultivate large numbers of a particular virus in the lab. How could this be…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite that require a proper condition for their growth. Unlike all the…

Q: Which of the following is a possible result of viral infection in eukaryotic host cells? O 1)…

A: Viruses can be defined as extremely microscopic infective agents that do not possess metabolic…

Q: The lipid content of an enveloped virus is produced from O freely available tipids viral made…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Refer to the illustration below, Identify the part that is labelled C TA C О Нead Capsid O tail O…

A: Viruses are infectious organisms that are neither considered living or nonliving due to the fact…

Q: Which term best describes the specificity of a virus for its host? O lyticism O lysogeny tissue…

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: Reverse transcriptase is needed to transcribe which type of viral genome into DNA? dsRNA SSDNA SSRNA…

A: Viral genome - Viral genome is defined as the genome of the virus particles. This genome can be made…

Q: The types of host species a particular virus can infect are referred to as its (a) assembly (b)…

A: Viruses are simple, noncellular infectious microorganisms with DNA or RNA surrounded by the coat…

Q: In addition to shared components of all viruses, enveloped viruses have which structure that non-…

A: Viruses are microscopic structures that are smaller than bacteria and can be viewed only using an…

Q: Influenza virus uses______ which is found in the envelope spikes, to adhere to the host cell"

A: * Influenza virus will attacks respiratory system by entering the nose, throat and lungs. *Influenza…

Q: This type of viral lifecycle(s) is displayed [Choose ] by the Lambda bacteriophage. [Choose ] Lytic…

A: The phage DNA enters the host cell by attachment and penetration during the lysogenic cycle. The…

Q: The pathogen replicates the replication machinery of host cells, and it is transmitted. Reset

A: The mechanism explains the transfer of pathogen in the body of an host may be in the case of a…

Q: An active viral infection cycle that produces a large number of new virions and ultimately causes…

A: Virus are the tiny entities even smaller than the bacteria that are capable of causing infection…

Q: True or False:  1. Lytic viruses utilize the host’s machines to construct their viral components…

A: The term 'virus' is derived from the same word in Latin, meaning venom or poisonous fluid. It was…

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses that makes them difficult for drug…

A: Viruses are ultra-microscopic organisms that are inert outside the host body. Viruses either…

Q: Which one of the options shown below is a common mechanism of entry in some enveloped viruses?…

A: Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can cause a wide range of diseases in humans, animals, and…

Q: In contrast to (unlike) non-enveloped/naked viruses, ENVELOPED viruses O Can enter host cells by…

A: Answer is (a), Can enter host cell by fusion. Enveloped viruses enter cell by fusion whereas non…

Q: Viruses are able to only infect the cells of very specific species Which of the following host cell…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite. They behave as living when they infects the living organism.

Q: The of the virus are responsible for attaching to the host cell O capsomeres nucleic acids viral…

A: Viruses are infectious agents that are non-cellular and composed of genetic material covered by a…

Q: Regular herpesvirus-mediated cold sores or genital sore flare-ups are caused by reinfection by the…

A: Herpes Simplex Virus is responsible for causing an infectious disease called Herpes in humans. This…

Q: When during the reproductive cycle is the virus genome and the viral proteins assembled into virus…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: One strain of influenza can infect multiple hosts including humans pigs and birds. What is a…

A: Antigenic shift is a process by which two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two of…

Q: A dormant virus can be activated and enter the Lytic cycle True False Viruses produce toxins in…

A: Those viruese which have another phase of replication called as latent phase and these viruses…

Q: Shape of a virus is determined by its envelope. Select one: O True O False

A: An infection is an infectious agent of small size and basic composition that can duplicate just in…

Q: Which of the following is not a component of HIV?

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two Lentivirus (a retrovirus subgroup) species that infect…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.