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- Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the surface of the macrophage. a. CCR5; gp120 b. CXCR4; CCR5 c. CD4; CCR5 d. gp120; CD4Which of the following are important for viral protection? Group of answer choices a) Macrophages b)Interferons c)Skin d)Natural Killer lymphocytesAfter HIV components are made, what is the correct order of thestages that produce mature HIV particles?a. Maturation, budding, assemblyb. Maturation, assembly, buddingc. Assembly, budding, maturationd. Assembly, maturation, budding
- People with the CCR5Δ32 mutation of a T-cell surface protein can be exposed to some strains of HIV-1 without becoming sick. What step of the virus life cycle is likely to be inhibited with this mutation? a. Release b. Reverse transcription c. Uncoating d. AttachmentWhich of the following are important for viral protection? ( select all the correct answers) a) Macrophages b) Interferons c) Skin d) Natural Killer lymphocytesWhich of the following is a trait that both HPV and HIV share? A.Both have an RNA genome B.Both undergo reverse transcription C.Both integrate into the genome D.Both can cause cancer
- Why might an HIV/AIDS vaccine actually give some people a false sense of security?When virus enters into our body, many cells acquire antiviral state due to: a Acquiring resistance b. Interleukin production C. Antigen production d. Antibody production e. Interferon productionAntigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic T cells identifying viral infected host cells C.The accumulation of mutations in the viral genome due to an error prone polymerase D.Antigen presenting cells failure to recognize the influenza virus
- Which of the following is the most likely explanation for an individual who lacks CCR5 as a result of a homozygous defect in the CCR5 gene becoming infected with HIV? a. The mutated CCR5 genes reverted to the normal form, rendering macrophages susceptible to macrophagetropic HIV variants. b. The macrophage-tropic HIV variant entered host cells using CD4 alone. c. The viral nucleic acid alone was taken up by cells, as in cell transformation by bacterial DNA. d. The individual had received a transplant of HIV-infected cells expressing normal CCR5. e. The primary infection involved a lymphocyte-tropic strain of HIV that used CXCR4 as its co-receptor.Influenza vaccines must be changed yearly because the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins change gradually over time. Based on this information, which is the most logical conclusion? The influenza virusa) is enveloped. b) is non-enveloped.c) has a DNA genome. d) has an RNA genome.e) causes a persistent infection.The Sabin vaccine contains ______. A) a mixture of bacteria and live, attenuated poliovirus B) a piece of the poliovirus C) inactivated poliovirus D) live, unattended poliovirus