Which of the following would NOT allow you to determine whether a neurotransmitter’s release is calcium dependent?       Removal of extracellular calcium          replacing calcium with barium        addition of strontium to extracellular solution     All of the above

Q: Propagation of action potential and transmission mean:   current flow along the cell membrane…

A: Introduction: The action potential is the name given to the brief series of events that occur in the…

Q: The approximate protein:lipid ratio in the plasma membrane of a myelin cell is: a) 1:10 b) 3:1 c)…

A: Ans - The approximate protein:lipid ratio in the plasma membrane of a myelin cell is 1:4. (a)  #…

Q: Which of the following does NOT contribute to the built in "safety factor" at the neuromuscular…

A: The neuromuscular junction is defined as the chemical synapse, which is present in between the motor…

Q: After discussing his case with his physician, he learned that he had probably been the victim of…

A: Disclaimer: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first 3…

Q: Of the below, what do neurotransmitters do?   stimulate presynaptic terminals.   remain in the…

A: Neurotransmitters are defined as the chemical messengers that allow the transmission of a message…

Q: Action potentials are changes in membrane potential that are localized to a small area of the plasma…

A: Answer :  Movements potential travels alongside a neuronal axon: The action capability is pushed…

Q: The toxin of the velvet sea snake prevents the sodium channels from inactivating. Which of the…

A: When Voltage gated Na+ channels open it leads to depolarization of the neuron i.e resting membrane…

Q: The image below shows a presynaptic cell releasing neurotransmitters that are being bound by the…

A: Neurotransmitters refer to the chemical messengers that are responsible for the transmission of…

Q: the normal extracellular Na+ concentration is 140 mM and you replace Na+ such that the extracellular…

A: Given The extracellular sodium is changed from 140mM to 14mM

Q: Spastic paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to relax), induced by the neurotoxin…

A: Neurotransmitters are referred to as the body's chemical messengers. They are the molecules used by…

Q: The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? a…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: he entire membrane does not depolarize at the same time. Instead, an action potential is propagated…

A: 1.The electrochemical wave that travels along nerve fibre and stimulates muscles, glands or other…

Q: A neurotransmitter called "GABA" decreases the rate of action potential generation in neurons, but…

A: Alcohol binds to the GABA receptor and it decreases the generation of the rate of the action…

Q: which of the following is the best comparison of GABA and glutamate Select one: a. all of these are…

A: Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are important neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain.…

Q: I have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and…

A: Homeostasis of calcium ions is essential for survival and neuronal function. In the nerve cells,…

Q: Which of the following statements is correct? O Myelin sheaths form an insulating layer around the…

A: The CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system) are two different types of…

Q: The post synaptic cell will become depolarized and propagate an action potential if the summation of…

A: The nervous system consists of neurons and glial cells. Neurons and glial cells are involved in…

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential?

A: Sodium –potassium pump is one of the major biochemical pathways leading to critical physiological…

Q: Why would one use the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation? • What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump in…

A: Introduction :- In cells, the Na+K+-ATPase pump aids in maintaining osmotic balance and membrane…

Q: What is responsible for action potentials propagating in one direction? The inactivation of voltage…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters help to open gates on the postsynaptic skeletal…

A: Excitation in pre-synaptic membrane => opening of calcium ion VGIC (voltage gated ion…

Q: One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates make up one The position on the muscle…

A: Neuron is a nerve cell present in the nervous system which helps to transmit information to the…

Q: At the Nernst potential for Ca+, the current is 0. That must mean what? The potential difference…

A: In a biological membrane, the reversal potential (also known as the Nernst potential) of an ion is…

Q: _________________________ is an example of presynaptic modification of synaptic activity. Group of…

A: Presynaptic neuron sends message from its axon terminals and post synaptic neuron receive this…

Q: You add an inhibitor to the voltage-gated K+ channel and then stimulated a nerve cell to cause an…

A: The nerve cells or neurons shows electrical properties that helps the neurons to conducting the…

Q: Arrange the following stages in sequence: 1) postsynaptic cell reacts to the signal 2) action…

A: Nerve conduction in synapse:  The synapse is the gap in between two neurons when an action potential…

Q: re these True or False? Receptors on the post-synaptic cell membrane that bind the acetylcholine…

A: When two molecules of acetylcholine bind a nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor, a conformational change…

Q: A pre-synaptic neuron releases the excitatory neurotransmitter Glutamate. What must be present in…

A: Signals are transmitted by the nervous system to the brain and spinal cord as a result we do our…

Q: Neurotransmitters, the chemicals used in signaling across synapses, can be either re-absorbed by the…

A: Neurotransmitters can serve as chemical messengers for ion channels, neurotransmitter mainly causes…

Q: The traces below show the action potential waveforms in an external meidum of different…

A: Nerve impulse refers to an electrical or chemical signal that is transmitted along a nerve fibre.…

Q: Which of the following can increase the likelihood of a neuron generating an action potential?…

A: Genesis and conduction of Action potential The axoplasm inside the axon of a nerve contain high…

Q: what is the role of (1) electrochemical gradient created by ions, (2) permeability of the membrane…

A: There are a lot of ions present inside  and outside the cell. From time to time these ions adjust…

Q: You apply a new drug to a different batch of neurons and record membrane potential changes in the…

A: Permeability barrier and semi permeability of cell membrane are both maintained by lipids. only…

Q: Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials?      At resting potential, there are more…

A: Change in the membrane potential are brought about by changes in ion movement across the membrane.…

Q: You apply a drug to a batch of neurons and record membrane potential changes in the presynaptic and…

A: Here membrane potential raises from -70mv to - 55mv.  That means depolarization occurs.  At…

Q: Which of the following are mechanisms of gustation transduction? Select one or more: a. Hydrogen…

A: GPCR receptor cells release certain neurotransmitters when some chemicals in ingested substances…

Q: endrotoxins, produced by the mamba snakes are inhibitors of the voltage gated k+ channel. what phase…

A: Dendrotoxin is a small polypeptide which is present in the venom of Mamba snakes. Dendrotoxins have…

Q: Flaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin…

A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical molecules that help in the transmission of information from one…

Q: Which of the following statements is mismatched with the neurotransmitter? binds to muscarinic…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers involved in neurotransmission. These are released at the…

Q: The axon of neurons contains microtubules with the minus end situated toward the cell body and the…

A: We have different cytoskeletal fragments which helps in movement of substance inside the cells .

Q: Which of the following is NOT true regarding the changes that occur during an action potential.…

A: An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of specific cell location rapidly rises and…

Q: Acetylcholine molecules are actively transported from the axon to their receptors on the muscle…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: Acetylcholine acts via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to delay potassium channel closure and…

A: Norepinephrine raises heart rate and blood flow from the heart when combined with adrenaline. It…

Q: Please fill in the blanks: A(n)    ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"]   consists…

A: Muscles show all or none principle. i.e., a minimum strength of the stimulus is required for maximum…

Q: Which of the following statements about action potentials and information transmission in the…

A: Introduction Action potential:- It is defined as a transitory, fast, sudden, and propagating change…

Q: During an Action Potential…..  _____ Na+ flows out of the cell _____ Na+ activation gates  and…

A: Action potential refers to the rapid changes in membrane potential of mostly excitable cells (nerve,…

Q: Which of the following describes temporal summation? Two pre-synaptic cells send alternating signals…

A: Neurons are also known as nerve cell and it is considered as the fundamental units of the brain and…

Q: Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that produces a toxin. The toxin is deadly to most animals,…

A: Clostridium botulinum  is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, spore forming and anaerobic. It is…

Q: Action potentials in heart muscle cells have a prolonged plateau phase caused by ______through…

A: The heart muscle cells has 5 phases in their cardiac action potential ; namely phase 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 ,…

Q: The terminal bouton of an axon releases a neurotransmitter that affects a postsynaptic receptor,…

A: Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that transmit signals to target…