Arrange the following stages in sequence: 1) postsynaptic cell reacts to the signal 2) action potential reaches presynaptic cell nerve ending 3) neurotransmitter binds to its receptor 4) synaptic vesicle releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft 5) Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminals. 5-2-4-3-1 4-2-1-5-3 2-4-5-3-1 2-5-4-3-1 4-3-2-5-1

Arrange the following stages in sequence: 1) postsynaptic cell reacts to the signal 2) action potential reaches presynaptic cell nerve ending 3) neurotransmitter binds to its receptor 4) synaptic vesicle releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft 5) Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminals. 5-2-4-3-1 4-2-1-5-3 2-4-5-3-1 2-5-4-3-1 4-3-2-5-1

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TAHL: Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and...

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1.1 What would be the effect of blocking neurotransmitter degradation on neurotransmitter concentration at the synapse? 1.2You are studying an excitatory synapse that is not strong enough to evoke a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking neurotransmitter degradation? 1.3 ) You are studying an excitatory synapse that evokes a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels?
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What are the two major classes of neurotransmitter in reference to their effects on postsynaptic cells? How do their modes of action differ? Give an example of each type of neurotransmitter.
Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
Why do neurotransmitters have to be removed from the synapse?
Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
How much of a change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potentials to result in an action potential being generated?
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Two different groups of researchers are studying alternative methods of treating Parkinson's disease. Group A - is working with black widow spiders. They have determined that their venom stimulates synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters into the synapse. The researchers have isolated an enzyme that behaves like the venom. in the synapse. Group B - is working with mushrooms. They have isolated a molecule in these mushrooms that is similar in structure to dopamine. The molecule attaches to the dopamine receptor sites on the postsynaptic membrane. You are a member of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). You must decide which of the two groups of researchers can obtain the grant for Parkinson's disease research. Which of the two groups of researchers should receive the grant money? Explain your decision by explaining the mechanism of both substances. Describe the action of the spider venom and…
John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
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