Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
Which primers are specific for UCP1 gene that locates in human mitpchondria?
What are primers?
Primers are oligonucleotides chains consisting of 10 to 60 base pairs utilized by all living organisms in the initiation of DNA replication.
What is UCP1 gene?
UCP1 gene encodes for mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and belongs to a gene family which is involved in the synthesis of Mitochondrila Anion Carrier Protein (MACP). Uncoupling proteins seperate the process of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis with energy emitted as heat.
Function of UCP1 gene
The uncoupling proteins encoded by this gene is responsible for mitochondrial proton leak, i.e., protons are transferred from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of the mitochondria and the anions are transferred from the inner membrane to the outer membrane of the mitochondria. They are involved in what is known as thermogenic respiration of the mitochondria, a special feature of brown adipose tissue, which emits heat (non-shivering thermogenesis).
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