Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress missensemutations.a. Why would bacterial strains carrying such missense suppressor mutations generally grow moreslowly than strains carrying nonsense suppressormutations?

Q: Genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are regulated by activators and repressors.a. Compare and…

A: Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that are responsible for the repression or induction of…

Q: Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides in length. What…

A: In eukaryotes the template strand of DNA gets transcribed into pre-mRNA by the process known as…

Q: The following table lists 4 bacterial strains that are partial diploids for lac operon genes. Given…

A: Strain A: The concern strain in absence of lactose is not expressing the beta galactoosidase. It's…

Q: In the galactose operon of E. coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an operator…

A: The galactose operon of E.coli is called as gal operon. This operon consists of 4 structural genes.…

Q: What is meant by Rho dependent and independent transcription termination. What is the differences?…

A: Termination in transcription is a point when enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the growing RNA…

Q: Comparing the -10 regions of two E. coli promoters which have identical -35 regions revealed the…

A: Transcription is a process by which the information a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule…

Q: What would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a…

A: In E. coli, all the 20 amino acids can be synthesized in vivo by the organism. The genes for the…

Q: Explain why (a) inactivation of the O2 or O3 sequence of the lac operon causes only a twofold loss…

A: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and also…

Q: Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT boxes with consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT…

A: The CAAT box is popularly known as a core promoter or basal promoter or simply the  Promoter. It is…

Q: Recombinant expression in prokaryotic systems has numerous advantages when compared to eukaryotic…

A: DNA is the genetic material found in organisms. Recombinant DNA technology is the isolation of a…

Q: . Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…

A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error is in a single base. It is also known…

Q: APOE gene has been found to be a major contributor to sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), by acting…

A: The APOE gene is the gene for apolipoprotein E. It is necessary to provide information about the…

Q: a. The original constitutive operator mutations in thelac operon were all base changes in o1. Why…

A: The original constitutive operator mutations made in the lac operon involved base changes in the O1.…

Q: A series of exonuclease deletions were used to study the promoter of the rice hemA gene, giving the…

A: A promoter can be defined as a DNA sequence where proteins bind and initiate transcription of an…

Q: Which protein subunit specifically binds to the promoter region in prokaryotic cells? α  β  ω  β'…

A: Particular DNA segments found in the promoter are recognized by transcription factor proteins. These…

Q: You have isolated two different mutants (reg1 and reg2) causing constitutive expression of the emu…

A: A constitutive mutation causes the continuous production of the gene product. It means in this…

Q: What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is the differencebetween an intragenic and an…

A: Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is…

Q: Some antibiotics, such as rifampin, interfere with the function of RNA polymerase. What biological…

A: Antibiotic is a substance released by any microorganism against other microorganism. These…

Q: The Dscam locus in Drosophila melanogaster has 24 exons. Four of these exons are able to undergo…

A: Alternative splicing results in several products being made from one chromosome. In higher…

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A: Medical experts continue to find new medications that aid in the treatment of deadly diseases and…

Q: In the bacterium,Martian coli, it was discovered that the lac operon is positively regulated.…

A: Operon is a functional unit of DNA that consists of cluster of genes under control of promoter.…

Q: When Laybourne and Kadonaga studied the effects of histone proteins on eukaryotic transcription…

A: a) To clarify the mechanism of transcriptional repression by the nucleosomal cores they considered…

Q: Some mutations in the trp 5′ UTR increase termination by the attenuator. Where might these mutations…

A: Tryptophan operon consists of a leader region located at the 5' terminal of mRNA called 5' UTR. The…

Q: Although a large number of mutagenic chemicals are known,none is known that induces mutations in…

A: Mutation is the process of abrupt changes in the nucleotide sequence or gene in the DNA. Mutation…

Q: If a wild-type (normal, NOTmutated) E. coli strain is grown in a medium: a. without lactose or…

A: The lac operon or the lactose operon is a mechanism that is involved in the metabolism and transport…

Q: The coding sequences of Gene F and Gene G are shown by the double-stranded DNA below. Using the…

A: Genetic codes are stored in the form of trinucleotide sequences (codons) in the mRNA.The mRNA gets…

Q: Briefly describe two different ways in which intragenic suppressors can reverse the effects of…

A: The second mutation that partially or wholly reverses the phenotypic or genotypic effects of an…

Q: Give all possible genotypes of a lac operon that produces, or fails to produce, β-galactosidase and…

A: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and also…

Q: When disrupting a mouse gene by knockout, why is it desirable to breed mice until offspring…

A: In knockout animal, a targeting vector having a gene of interest is introduced into the cells. The…

Q: If you sampled a patient with the autosomal recessive disease Tay Sachs and found she had normal…

A: Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive central nervous disorder. The disorder results from…

Q: An activator has bound to an enhancer region close to the promoter for gene A. What will this mean…

A: For the synthesis of a protein, the process of transcription and translation takes place.…

Q: If the above gene is one of the three structural genes of the lac operon that codes for the protein/…

A: Introduction Lactose operon(lac operon) is a system which includes genes that are essential for…

Q: A graduate student studying the pathogenic bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii made cDNA from…

A: Biotechnology is the use of our understanding of biological processes to develop useful applications…

Q: You are studying the regulation of a bacterial gene (TolU) that encodes an enzyme that is necessary…

A: First, let's start with a definition. Promoter: It is the sequence of DNA that is required to turn…

Q: in the CTD of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated to recruit enzymes to add the 5’ guanosine cap?…

A: During the being transcription cycle, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the most important part of RNA…

Q: Many transcriptional activators are proteins with a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and an activation…

A: Introduction  Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…

Q: The inducible galactose operon of E. coli has three co-transcribed genes (galk, galE, galT) encoding…

A: Galactose operon is a prokaryotic operon involved in the utilization of galactose/galactose…

Q: For the ovalbumin gene shown, indicate the locations of the following: (a) transcription start site,…

A: The transcription start site is the site on the DNA from which the first RNA nucleotide (+1) is…

Q: What detection method could be used to determine the Mutation of the operator region that binds a…

A: Mutations are caused when there is a change in the sequence of a DNA. Mutations can result from…

Q: Many bacterial genes with related functions are arranged in operons, sets of contiguous genes that…

A: Transcription is the first od several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular…

Q: Describe what would happen to the lac operon in a low-lactose environment and in a high lactose…

A: LacZ (encodes beta-galactosidase), lacY (permease), and lacA (trans-acetylase) are the three genes…

Q: a)How far along the DNA would the transcription "bubble" formed by RNA polymerase move in 10…

A:

Q: Explain the Mutations at the Huntington disease locus are caused by an expansion of a trinucleotide…

A: Huntington’s disease is a brain disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is…

Q: You identify a proflavin-generated allele of a genethat produces a 110-amino acid polypeptide…

A: The chemical name of proflavin is acridine-3, 6-diamine and acts as an intercalating agent.…