While standing on the surface of a spherical asteriod of mass M and radius R., and astronaut thows a small rock straight upward away from the center. What is the minimum speed she must give to the rock to reach a height h above the surface. Assume that h is not small compared to R. The asteriod has no atmosphere and take the rock's mass to be small compared to M.

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.