While the majority component of air is nitrogen (N2), the gas is very unreactive because of its stability due to the triple bonds that hold the nitrogen atoms together. Nitrogen gas is, therefore, relatively unavailable for chemical reactions. One of the few ways to “fix” nitrogen, making a nitrogen compound from the elemental nitrogen in the atmosphere, is the Haber process (aka Haber-Bosch process). In this reaction, nitrogen gas combines with hydrogen gas to yield ammonia. The enthalpy (ΔH) of this reaction is -92.22 kJ. This process was discovered by the German chemist Fritz Haber in the early twentieth century. Through extensive experimentation, Haber found the conditions that would produce adequate yields (at a temperature of about 500 oC and a pressure of about 200 atm). This process holds a significant importance today because of its application in the industrial production of ammonia-based fertilizer. In 1918, Haber received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work. However, a lot of controversy followed the Nobel Prize award. For this experiment, 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react in the reaction vessel. The ammonia vapor that is produced is then condensed, liquefied, and collected into a collection vessel. What is the theoretical yield of ammonia (in grams) if 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
While the majority component of air is nitrogen (N2), the gas is very unreactive because of its stability due to the triple bonds that hold the nitrogen atoms together. Nitrogen gas is, therefore, relatively unavailable for
This process was discovered by the German chemist Fritz Haber in the early twentieth century. Through extensive experimentation, Haber found the conditions that would produce adequate yields (at a temperature of about 500 oC and a pressure of about 200 atm). This process holds a significant importance today because of its application in the industrial production of ammonia-based fertilizer. In 1918, Haber received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work. However, a lot of controversy followed the Nobel Prize award.
For this experiment, 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react in the reaction vessel. The ammonia vapor that is produced is then condensed, liquefied, and collected into a collection vessel.
What is the theoretical yield of ammonia (in grams) if 16.55 grams of nitrogen gas and 10.15 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react?
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