Why do Economies of Scale Occur? A. Large firms cover their fixed costs by producing lots of units known as mass production. B. Small firms have more support from the government. C. Economies of Scale occur for all firms.
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A: * SOLUTION :- By using the formulas we write the table AFC=FC/Q AVC=VC/Q ATC=AFC+AVC
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- Explain the characteristics of production in the short term vs the long tem in terms of factorsof productions and diseconomies of scaleAnswer the following Questions. Include referencing where additional sources have been used a. Why will firms in most markets be located at or close to the bottom of the long-run average cost curve? b. Distinguish between implicit and explicit costs. How is it possible to have positive accounting profit and negative economic profit concurrently? c. Distinguish between economies of scale and constant returns to scale. What shape will the long-run average cost curve have for economies of scale and constant returns to scale. d. What is the difference between production in the short run and production in the long run? Explain the shape of the long-run cost curve in relation to short-run cost curves?My candy bar company made 100 million bars last year, sold for $1 each. I also paid 100 people last year, with an average salary of $100K last year. I have overhead cost of $10M. What is my labor productivity (no units, rounded to 2 decimal places)? My candy bar company made 100 million bars last year, sold for $1 each. I also paid 100 people last year, with an average salary of $100K last year. I have overhead cost of $10M. What was my TOTAL productivity (no units, rounded to 2 decimal places)? My snow shovel company forecasts demand that shows strong seasonanilty by quarter. The linear trend can be estimated by the equation y(t) = 1000 + 1000t. My forecasts start with t = 0, which corresponds with Q1 of 2021 (Jan - Mar). t = 1 corresponds to Q2 of 2021 (Apr - Jun) and so on. The seasonal relatives for Q1 = 1.5, Q2 = 0.5, Q3 = 1, Q4 = 2. What is the seasonalized forecast for Q2 of 2022. I have a process that produces ice cream tubs. I need the the ice cream tubs have volume between…
- A firm faces the following costs: total cost of capital = $1,000; price paid for labor = $12 per labor unit; and price paid for raw materials = $4 per raw-material unit. a. Suppose the firm can produce 5,000 units of output this year by combining its fixed capital with 100 units of labor and 450 units of raw materials. What are the total cost and average total cost of producing the 5,000 units of output? b. Now assume the firm improves its production process so that it can produce 6,000 units of output this year by combining its fixed capital with 100 units of labor and 450 units of raw materials. What are the total cost and average total cost of producing the 6,000 units of output? c. If units of output can always be sold for $1 each, then by how much does the firm’s profit increase after it improves its production process? d. Suppose that implementing the improved production process would require a one-time-only cost of $1,100. If the firm only considers this year’s profit, would…Returns to scale in production: Do the following production functions exhibitincreasing, constant, or decreasing returns to scale in K and L? (Assume Ais some fxed positive number.)(a) Y = K1/2L1/2(b) Y = K2/3L2/3(c) Y = K1/3L1/2(d) Y = K + L(e) Y = K + K1/3L1/3 (f ) Y = K 1/3L2/3 + A (g) Y = K 1/3L2/3 − AThe per-unit cist of an item is its average total cost=(=total cost/quantity). Suppose that a new cell phone application costs $100,000 to develop and only $0.70 per unit to deliver to each cell phone customer. What will be the per-unit coat of the application if it sells 100 units? What will be the per-unit coat of the application if it sells 1,000 units? What will be the per-unit cost of the application if it sells 1 million units?
- A19 Subject - economics Consider a constant returns-to-scale production function f(k, l). Show that f(k, l) = k ∂f/ ∂k + l ∂f /∂lReturns to scale in production: Recall that a production function F(K, L) exhibits constant returns to scale if doubling the inputs leads to a doubling of output. If it leads to more than doubling of output, there are increasing returns to scale; if it leads to less than doubling of output, there are decreasing returns to scale. The answers to parts (a) and (f) are worked out below. (a) Y = K1/2L1/2. If we double K and L, output is (2K) 1/2(2L) 1/2 = 21/221/2K1/2L1/2 = 21/2+1/2K1/2L1/2 = 2K1/2L1/2. So output exactly doubles, and there are constant returns to scale. (b) Y = K1/3L2/3 + . This production function says you get units of output “for free,” that is, even if there is no capital and no labor. Then you produce on top of that with a Cobb-Douglas production function. If we double K and L, output is Notice that the first term is doubled, but the output we got for free (the A) is left unchanged. Therefore, output is less than doubled, and this…Answer the following questions on the basis of this information for a single fifirm: total cost of capital = $1000; price paid for labor = $12 per labor unit; price paid for raw materials = $4 per raw-material unit. a. Suppose the firm can produce 5000 units of output by combining its fixed capital with 100 units of labor and 450 units of raw materials. What are the total cost and average total cost of producing the 5000 units of output?b. Now assume the firm improves its production process so that it can produce 6000 units of output by combining its fixed capital with 100 units of labor and 450 units of raw materials. What are the total cost and average cost of producing the 6000 units of output?c. Refer to your answers to 8a and 8b and explain how process innovation can improve economic efficiency.
- The amount of fish caught per week on a trawler is a function of the crew size assigned to operate the boat. Based on past data, the following production schedule was developed: Crew size 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Fish caught (100 lbs/week) 3 6 11 19 24 28 31 33 34 34 33 b) How large a crew should be used if the trawler owner is interested in maximizing the total amount of fish caught?c) How large a crew should be used if the trawler owner is interested in maximizing the average amount of fish caught per person?d) Suppose the owner can sell all the fish caught for $75 per 100 pounds and can hire as many crew members as desired by paying them $150 per week. Assuming that the owner of the trawler is interested in maximizing profits, determine the optimal crew size.4.3 Under what conditions do the following production functions exhibit decreasing, constant, or increasing returns to scale? a. q = L + K b. q = L + LaKb + KDiscuss the long-term repercussions of bush fires on Australia’s productive capacity. Explain in 150 words or less using production function how these bushfires will affect some of the factors of production.