Why does a regression model have an error term?
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- Olympic Pole Vault The graph in Figure 7 indicates that in recent years the winning Olympic men’s pole vault height has fallen below the value predicted by the regression line in Example 2. This might have occurred because when the pole vault was a new event there was much room for improvement in vaulters’ performances, whereas now even the best training can produce only incremental advances. Let’s see whether concentrating on more recent results gives a better predictor of future records. (a) Use the data in Table 2 (page 176) to complete the table of winning pole vault heights shown in the margin. (Note that we are using x=0 to correspond to the year 1972, where this restricted data set begins.) (b) Find the regression line for the data in part ‚(a). (c) Plot the data and the regression line on the same axes. Does the regression line seem to provide a good model for the data? (d) What does the regression line predict as the winning pole vault height for the 2012 Olympics? Compare this predicted value to the actual 2012 winning height of 5.97 m, as described on page 177. Has this new regression line provided a better prediction than the line in Example 2?The best predicted crash fatality rate for a year in which there are 525 metric tons of lemon imports is ____________ fatalities per 100,000 population. Is the prediction worthwhile? A.Since common sense suggests there should not be much of a relationship between the two variables, the prediction does not make much sense. B. Since the sample size is small, the prediction is not appropriate. C. Since all of the requirements for finding the equation of the regression line are met, the prediction is worthwhile. D.Since there appears to be an outlier, the prediction is not appropriate.A least squares regression line ______. a. implies a cause-effect relationship between x and y b. may be used to predict a value of y if the corresponding x value is given c. can only be determined if a good linear relationship exists between x and y d. All of these answers are correct.
- 8)Suppose that Y is normal and we have three explanatory unknowns which are also normal, and we have an independent random sample of 11 members of the population, where for each member, the value of Y as well as the values of the three explanatory unknowns were observed. The data is entered into a computer using linear regression software and the output summary tells us that R-square is 0.86, the linear model coefficient of the first explanatory unknown is 7 with standard error estimate 2.5, the coefficient for the second explanatory unknown is 11 with standard error 2, and the coefficient for the third explanatory unknown is 15 with standard error 4. The regression intercept is reported as 28. The sum of squares in regression (SSR) is reported as 86000 and the sum of squared errors (SSE) is 14000. From this information, what is MSE/MST? .5000 NONE OF THE OTHERS .2000 .3000 .40009)Suppose that Y is normal and we have three explanatory unknowns which are also normal, and we have an independent random sample of 11 members of the population, where for each member, the value of Y as well as the values of the three explanatory unknowns were observed. The data is entered into a computer using linear regression software and the output summary tells us that R-square is 0.79, the linear model coefficient of the first explanatory unknown is 7 with standard error estimate 2.5, the coefficient for the second explanatory unknown is 11 with standard error 2, and the coefficient for the third explanatory unknown is 15 with standard error 4. The regression intercept is reported as 28. The sum of squares in regression (SSR) is reported as 79000 and the sum of squared errors (SSE) is 21000. From this information, what is the adjusted R-square? .8 .7 NONE OF THE OTHERS .6 .517) Suppose that Y is normal and we have three explanatory unknowns which are also normal, and we have an independent random sample of 41 members of the population, where for each member, the value of Y as well as the values of the three explanatory unknowns were observed. The data is entered into a computer using linear regression software and the output summary tells us that R-square is 0.9, the linear model coefficient of the first explanatory unknown is 7 with standard error estimate 2.5, the coefficient for the second explanatory unknown is 11 with standard error 2, and the coefficient for the third explanatory unknown is 15 with standard error 4. The regression intercept is reported as 28. The sum of squares in regression (SSR) is reported as 90000 and the sum of squared errors (SSE) is 10000. From this information, what is the number of degrees of freedom for the t-distribution used to compute critical values for hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for the individual…
- 1. Suppose you wanted to predict Winnings ($) using only the number of poles won (Poles), the number of wins (Wins), the number of top five finishes (Top 5), or the number of top ten finishes (Top 10). Which of these four variables provides the best single predictor of winnings?2. Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to predict Winnings ($) given the number of poles won (Poles), the number of wins (Wins), the number of top five finishes (Top 5), and the number of top ten (Top 10) finishes. Test for individual significance and discuss your findings and conclusions.3. Create two new independent variables: Top 2–5 and Top 6–10. Top 2–5 represents the number of times the driver finished between second and fifth place and Top 6–10 represents the number of times the driver finished between sixth and tenth place. Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to predict Winnings ($) using Poles, Wins, Top 2–5, and Top 6–10. Test for individual significance and…The null hypothesis for a "global test" of a multiple linear regression model is:The relationship between total cholesterol (milligrams per deciliter) and BMI (Ratio of weight in kilograms to height in metres squared) of 20 participants is shown in the scatterplot below along with the least squares regression line. Which of the following statements is correct? a) The relationship between total cholesterol and BMI is linear as can be seen by the random scatter of the data above and below the least squares regression line. Both variables are metric and therefore it is appropriate to use Pearson's correlation to measure the linear association between the two variables. b) The relationship between total cholesterol and BMI is non-linear and since both variables are metric it is appropriate to use Pearson's correlation to measure the linear association between the two variables. c) The relationship between total cholesterol and BMI is non-linear as can be seen by the patterning of points around the least squares regression line and therefore it is not…
- Suppose that a regression relationship is given by the following:Y = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + εIf the simple linear regression of Y on X1 is estimated from a sample of n observations, the resulting slope estimate is generally biased for β1. However, in the special case where the sample correlation between X1 and X2 is 0, this will not be so. In fact, in that case the same estimate results whether or not X2 is included in the regression equation.a. Explain verbally why this statement is true.b. Show algebraically that this statement is true.In a multiple linear regression model with 3 predictor variables, what is the t-statistic for the hypothesis test of the null hypothesis that the coefficient of the second predictor variable is equal to 0, if the estimated coefficient is 0.5, the standard error of the estimate is 0.1, and the degrees of freedom is 15?Suppose there is 1 dependent variable (dissolved oxygen, Y) and 3 independent variables (water temp X1, depth X2, and hardness of water X3). Below is the result of the multiple linear regression.Which of the following is NOT true in the multiple linear regression outputs? In the F-test ANOVA result, if Ho is rejected, this means that the regression model overall predicts the dependent variable significantly well. If a predictor is having a significant impact on our ability to predict the outcome then the regression coefficient b should be significantly different from 1.0. The F-test ANOVA assesses all of the regression coefficients jointly whereas the t-test for each coefficient examines them individually. It is possible that a model is significant, but not enough to conclude that any individual variable is significant.
