Why is a polarized sorting system necessary for direction sensing in a migrating cell? Facilitates myosin II contraction Facilitates adhesion formation and disassembly A polarized sorting system is not necessary for direction sensing Generates front-rear polarity Allows fast response to extracellular signals
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- What is necessary to make a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis? A. Kinesin "walking" along microtubules B. Myosin filaments shortening C. Actin and myosin-mediated contraction D. All of the above E. None of the aboveIn nonmuscle cell locomotion, which protein is activated to nucleate a filament? Arp2/3 Vinculin Gelsolin Profilin CofilinWhen nerve cells contact each other, they form adherens junctions (AJs) at the point of contact. The main transmembrane (TM) protein in the junctions is N-cadherin. N-cadherin is a single pass TM protein with a short intracellular domain and a large extracellular domain on the amino end. Proper formation of the AJs requires both actin (MF) and microtubules (MTs). Motor proteins for MTs are dynein (-) end and kinesin (+) end (and were discovered by Michael Sheetz). Maintenance of preformed AJs requires MFs . Adding drugs that disrupt MFs causes AJs to fall apart, and the N-cadherin is removed from the PM (by endocytosis). If the drugs are removed, MTs (& MFs) are required to restore the N-cadherin to the plasma membrane. choose answer for D1 and D2 D. Suppose cells contain a soluble kinase that modifies N-cadherin that has been removed from the PM. D-1. The kinase could catalyze modification(s) of the side chains of amino acids near (the N end) (the C end) (either end, but not…
- Which of the following molecular motors is known to travel in an anterograde direction along microtubules? myosins kinesins myosins and dyneins dyneinsWhat is the direction of travel for a vesicle being transported from cell body to axon terminal, and what molecule is responsible for transport? Select one: a. anterograde, kinesincross out b. retrograde, kinesincross out c. anterograde, dyneincross out d. retrograde, dyneinWhen a visual pigment absorbs photons of light, it changes its molecular shape and at the same time releases energy. The release sets off a chain of chemical events leading to an electrical signal. The last event described is ________. transduction integration conduction stimulation
- Which is true and which is false in the following statements: (regarding cytokinesis in animal cells) I Fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane provides additional surface area required for daughter cells. II The contractile ring forms in the plane of the spindle pole body. III The centralspindlin complex recruits a RhoA-GEF to the cell cortex overlying the midbody. IV Local activation of formins contributes to assembly of the contractile ring.You are growing up myoblasts, C2C12 cells, to use in a myogenic study. You are using T-150 flasks with a culture area of 150 cm2 and when confluent contains 2 x 107 cells. 2) You seed a culture of squamous epithelial cells at 8 am on Monday with 1.2 x 105 cells. The next day at 8 am you harvest the cells. You know from past studies that the generation time is 26 hours for this cell line. How many cells do you predict you should have on hand? A) 1.64 x 10^5 cells B) 4.56 x 10^3 cells C) 5.23 x 10^10 cells D) 1.75 x 10^8 cells E) None of theseThe actin filaments network provides mechanical support,determines cell shape, and allows for cell movements true false
- Which of the following would not inhibit signal transduction? a. Phosphate groups are removed from proteins. b. Endocytosis acts on receptors and their bound signals. c. Receptors and signaling molecules separate. d. Receptors and bound signaling molecules enter lysosomes. e. Autophosphorylation targets the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor.Neurons contain _____ which can receive_____ signals from other neurons. axons mitochondria dendrites Golgi bodiesWhich of the following statements regarding kinesin are TRUE? (More than one answer is correct) Group of answer choices The majority of kinesin family members move along microtubules toward the (-) end Differential affinity of ATP- and ADP-bound kinesin for microtubules is important for kinesin walking The coiled-coil structure that links the two myosin motor proteins unwind after each step, requiring kinesin to periodically pause during transport and reenergize using ATP hydrolysis Kinesin movement is reminiscent of an inebriated individual walking (and carrying a balloon!)