Why is it that the secondary messenger system is named as such? What is the two most common secondary messenger system on energy metabolism?

Q: How does the action of allosteric effectors differ in the reactions catalyzed by phosphofructokinase…

A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose. It is a ten step enzymatic process. Phosphofructokinase is an…

Q: What is the function of the kinase associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into…

Q: Why does it make metabolic sense for the same hormone signal to stimulate glycogenolysis and inhibit…

A: The muscles and the liver respond in distinct ways to the same hormone signal, thus participating in…

Q: Why does the enzyme reaction for chymotrypsin proceed in two phases?

A: Enzymes are the biocatalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions happening inside the…

Q: Name three enzymes from the citric acid cycle which are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH.…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all…

Q: under what conditions would it have Beta galactosidase activity? JAlith

A: Beta galactosidase work with lactose

Q: where do a-amylase and B-amylase carry out their enzymatic functions?

A: a-amylase and B-amylase carry out their enzymatic functions is Mouth.

Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?

A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…

Q: What role does cyclic AMP play in glucose regulation?

A: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a messenger molecule used in the signalling pathways. It is…

Q: Why is reciprocal regulation a key feature of glucose metabolism?

A: Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic…

Q: Which of the following glutamate receptors are most implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction…

A: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a condition where the mitochondria fail to work properly due to disease…

Q: Why is AMP and not ADP the positive regulator of phosphofructokinase?

A: Metabolic pathways are defined as the set of chemical reactions occurring in the body. Metabolic…

Q: The action of glucagon on liver cells leads to inhibition of pyruvate kinase. What is the most…

A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the…

Q: why oxytocin is called love hormone?

A: The hypothalamus organ, which is a part of our brain; produces this hormone-oxytocin.

Q: Phospholipase A2 causes the release of what fatty acid from membrane phospholipids? What chemical…

A: Phospholipase is an enzyme that breaks down phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic…

Q: How does the action of allosteric effectors differ in the reactions catalyzed by phosphofructokinase…

A: Allosteric effectors are the molecules that bind with one of the active sites of an enzyme that are…

Q: What effects do AMP and ATP have on the reaction with ADP?

A: Metabolic pathways are defined as the set of chemical reactions occurring in the body. Metabolic…

Q: What is purine catabolism?

A: Nucleic acids are the major class of biomolecules that are important for all forms of the organism.…

Q: What is a toxic phospholipase?

A: Phospholipases are hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Q: what are Cohesin Complexes ?

A: A sequence of events occurring in a cell, which causes the cell to divide and forms two daughter…

Q: How do aminotransferases and glutamate dehydrogenase cooperate in the metabolism of the amino group…

A: Aminotransferases belong to transferases enzyme that transfers one group into another and glutamate…

Q: It is absolutely not necessary to produce amylase in an active form in our body. But it is not in…

A: Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that are produced by the body to digest the food materials.…

Q: What properties of glucokinase allow it to phosphorylate glucose in the liver when the blood glucose…

A: Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.…

Q: What is the function of the glucose-alanine cycle in normalmetabolism?

A: The glucose-alanine cycle is also known as the alanine cycle or the Cahill cycle. It occurs under…

Q: How does the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during aerobic exercise foster the…

A: Introduction: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the enzyme that senses the depletion in the ATP…

Q: Does glucagon lead to the deactivation or activation of glycogen phosphorylase and the…

A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by α-cells of pancreas. Glucagon released during the low…

Q: How a feedback mechanism, that regulates the use of cyclic phosphorylation is similar to feedback…

A: The pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis from threonine is a five-step pathway. It starts with the…

Q: The cyclic AMP (second messenger) of signal transmission is very reactive and breaks down rapidly…

A: cAMP : It is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate and used for intracellular signal transduction…

Q: What is the function of ATP in the conversion of glutamate to glutamine?

A: Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme which is responsible for metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the…

Q: what is the role of amino acids in purine metabolism?

A: Purine metabolism is described as a process in which different metabolic pathways are followed so as…

Q: Why does the lack of glucose 6- phosphatase activity in the brain and muscle make good physiological…

A: Glucose is considered as an important energy source for all cells. It is required by the body in…

Q: how does leptin work at the cellular level

A: Leptin is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and erythrocyte in the small intestine that…

Q: Why is it advantageous for the liver to have both hexokinase and glucokinase to phosphorylate…

A: Introduction: Glucokinase is an enzyme that aids in the phosphorylation of glucose to produce…

Q: Phosphatidylethanolamine and PIP2 containing identical fatty acyl residues can be hydrolyzed with…

A: Introduction: Proteins have a different structure and play verities of functions. Half of the dry…

Q: Is AMP an allosteric inhibitor or activator of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle or liver

A: Muscle glycogen phosphorylase: AMP act as activator of glycogen phosphorylase -a form (active form)…

Q: How does the chemical nature of lipid-soluble messengers relate to the general principle of…

A: A hormone is a chemical messenger which is secreted and which enables communication throughout the…

Q: What is down-regulation?

A: The cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems perform various functions to sustain life. The…

Q: What would be the most direct result if NAG (N-acetylglucosamine acid) could not be synthesized?

A: NAG(N-acetylglucosamine acid) - This process acts as a secondary amide in the middle of acetic acid…

Q: What is proteorhodopsin and why is it so named?

A: Bacteria are characterised by the presence of peptidoglycan wall, a compact but naked DNA with…

Q: What are three heterotropic allosteric regulators of glycogen phosphorylase? Describe their effects.

A: One of the phosphorylase enzymes is Glycogen Phosphatase. Glycogen phosphorylase releases…

Q: What is the biosynthesis pathway of caffeine?

A: Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is found in more than sixty subtropical plant species. Plants for…

Q: What biochemical reaction is catalyzed by γ-secretase? Why was it proposed that a chemical inhibitor…

A: Enzymes are proteins with catalytic power.

Q: What are the metabolic effects of not being able to produce the M subunit of phosphofructokinase?

A: Introduction: One of the most significant glycolysis regulating enzymes is phosphofructokinase-1…

Q: Patients with Parkinson’s disease are sometimes given L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). What…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that help to transmit signals across the synapses. L-DOPA…

Q: What is the metabolic advantage of having both hexokinase and glucokinase to phosphorylate glucose?

A: The enzyme kinase is a class of enzymes that are involved in the addition of the phosphate group to…

Q: what linkage does glycogen synthase catalyzes?

A: Glycogen synthase is an enzyme involved in glycogen synthesis. Glycogen is synthesized from extra…