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Why is the rate of flow of exhaust gases over a catalytic converter important?
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- In Beirut, Lebanon, a storage warehouse with 2750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate exploded damaging the city and killing at least 78 people in August 2020. Pure ammonium nitrate does not explode easily and can be handled safely. It decomposes at 230oC producing nitrous oxide gas (N2O) and water vapor. Give a balanced equation for the decomposition reaction. Above 260oC, if confined and when contaminated, ammonium nitrate will explode forming toxic gases such as NO2, responsible for the ‘orange brown fireball’ that occurred in the explosion. The following equation represents one of the reactions contributing to the explosion: 4NH4NO3(s) → 3N2(g) + 2NO2(g) + 8H2O(g) + 405.6 KJ/mol picture Identify the reaction diagram that shows the reaction above. Make sure to explain why you chose A or B using the concepts of energy of reactants and products.True or False: Nitrogen Oxide is a precursor for both photochemical smog and acid rain.Automobile catalytic converters have to work at high temperatures, as hot exhaust gases stream through them. In what ways could this be an advantage? In what ways a disadvantage?
- What is the mechanism and role of a catalytic converter in the reduction of harmful emissions from automotive exhaust gases?Free Cl atoms are able to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3 into the more stable O2. It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules. Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated to be 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 million MVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant? would like an in depth explanation so I can solve future ones like this, thanks.How does a catalytic converter clean up automobile emissions?
- Ethanol Fuel C2H6O is burned with atmospheric air in a stoichiometric ratio. The coefficient of air is:Select one:a. 13.8b. 14.28c. 12.8d. 13.3UCI Chemistry researchers, Prof. F. Sherwood Rowland and Dr. Mario Molina werefirst to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?Describe the principle of electrostatic precipitator and cyclone separator. How these equipment/technology can be useful in mitigating source gaseous pollution from industry?
- (a) What is the difference between chlorofluorocarbonsand hydrofluorocarbons? (b) Why are hydrofluorocarbonspotentially less harmful to the ozone layer than CFCs?The heating of CuSO4. 5H2O(S) yields several transitions as a function of temperature. The table below gives the percentage of original mass lost as a function of the approximate temperature. Use these percentages to determine the sequence of decompositions and write chemical equations for each transition. percentage of original mass lost 14.5 29.0 36.0 51.5 67.0 70.5 approximate temperature (Degree C) 100 130 220 800 910 1020True or False (2) In thermochemical equations, it only shows the direction of the reaction involved. (5) The decomposition of ozone by nitric oxides homogeneous catalysis can be represented in the reaction: O(g) + O3(g) + NO(g) → 2O2 (g). (666) The negative energy indicates its flow. (121212) The CH3COOH could have greater vapor pressure lowering than NaOH. (131313) The temperature of the substance can influence its concentration. (252525) An insect can crawl in the surface of the water because of the strong intermolecular forces of attraction between the liquid and the insect’s legs. (313131) The rate of reaction can be defined as the change in the positive change in the concentration of product and reactants per change in time. (323232) The colligative properties depend on the concentration based on the solvent (34343434)