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what are two reasons Why is the statstic for fiscal deficits are so closely monitired in small fixed exchange rate economies?
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- Explain the relationship between a current account deficit or surplus and the flow of funds.Much of the U.S. government debt is held by foreigninvestors as treasury bonds and bills. How do fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate affect the value of thatdebt held by foreigners?5.a) “Fiscal policy is completely crowded out in a smnall open economy with floating exchange rate according to Mundell-Fleming Model”. How does it differ from crowding out of fiscal policy in a closed economy?.
- Suppose Country A is a small open economy with a trade deficit. With a risingconcern of plausible supply chain issues, business firms in Country A tend toincrease their level of inventory. Using relevant Classical Theories, explain how this would affect her netcapital outflow, real exchange rate and trade deficit in the long run.Consider the following open economy model:C = CO + cYDYD= YI= I0. brNX = No - n¡Y + n2Yf + n3RM/P-Mo+mOY-mp.where AD = C + I + Go + NXDerive the multipliers for the closed and open economy and make relevant comparison betweenthem.What is the impact of Mo and Go on the equilibrium value of R. That is, discuss the role ofmonetary policy and fiscal policy on the real exchange rate.Suppose that country A is a small open economy. Discuss the following effects by the help ofrelevant figures. Discuss by your own words explicitly and briefly.(a) Contractionary Monetary Policy under fixed exchange rate regime and perfect capitalmobility.(b)Contractionary Fiscal Policy under flexible exchange rate regime and without capitalmobility.(c)Expansionary Monetary Policy under fixed exchange rate regime and imperfect capitalmobility if interest rates are more sensitive to the capital flows.(d)Expansionary Fiscal Policyunder flexible exchange rate regime and perfect capital mobility.Suppose in a small open economy, the government increases her tariff onimported goods. Assume this act does not affect the fiscal position of thegovernment. Using the Classical Theories, explain its long run effects on thenet capital outflow, real exchange rate and trade balance of this economy. Nograph is required
- What is the connection between the Higher net income of central bank ang foreign exchange gains?Use IS-LM model graphs and show the results of fiscal consolidation (reducing G) in the country with fixed exchange rate regime. Discuss the effects of fiscal consolidation on Y, exchange rate E, i, C, I. (Hint – read the textbook by O. Blanchard Chapter 18.6 Fiscal Policy under Fixed Exchange rates)In your macroeconomic lectures you are often told that exchange rates and interest ratesare important for macroeconomic decision-making.a. How does an increase in Japan’s government budget deficit affect each of thefollowing?
- Imagine that you run the central bank in a large open economy.Your goal is to stabilizeincome, and you adjust the money supply accordingly. Under your policy, what happens tothe money supply, the interest rate, the exchange rate, and the trade balance in response toeach of the following shocks?a. The president raises taxes to reduce the budget deficit.b. The president restricts the import of Japanese cars.QUESTION 4: PLACE TRUE OR FALSE OR UNCERTAIN (T/F/U) According to the classical macroeconomic model, expansionary fiscal policy has an inflationary effect. Assuming that you have free capital mobility and fixed exchange rate policy, then fiscal policy has a positive effect on output Expansionary fiscal policy always has a depreciating effect on the domestic exchange rate. According to the relative income hypothesis, the savings rate is a non-linear function of the ratio of current to previous peak income. In the IS-LM-BOP model, macroeconomic adjustments occur through changes in money supply if the country adopts a fixed exchange rate regime. According to the impossible trinity, a country that has a liberalized capital account and independent monetary policy will also achieve a stable exchange rate.Question 1It is often said by economists that fixed exchange rates make monetary policy totally ineffective as a stabilization tool. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement. Assume an open economy. Keynes favoured fiscal policy over monetary policy to stabilize the economy and fixed exchange rates over flexible exchange rates. Is it consistent or inconsistent to pair fiscal policy with fixed exchange rates and monetary policy with flexible exchange rates? Explain why.
