why Monoploids as well as polyploids containing odd numbersof chromosome sets are usually sterile?

Q: For a hexaploid what is the value of x where x refers to the basic chromosomenumber that makes up a…

A: Ploidy refers to the number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a cell. In normal somatic…

Q: Identify the parts (A, B, C, D) of the chromosome below. B A

A: Answer: A = Chromatids  B = Centromere C = Kinetochore  D = Kinetochore microtubules  It is the…

Q: Given that most chromosomes occur in homologous pairs, do most genes also occur in pairs?

A: Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of which 22 pairs are called autosomes and one pair…

Q: . Common red clover, Trifolium pratense, is a diploidwith 14 chromosomes per somatic cell. What…

A: Somatic cells also are known as vegetal cells have two sets of chromosomes and are thus considered…

Q: Are sister chromatids attached at the centromere considered to be one or two chromosomes?

A: Two threads like strands which divide a chromosome longitudinally are called chromatids.

Q: Given the end results of the two types of division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during…

A: Cell cycle is a series of changes that occurs in a newly divided cell through which it duplicates…

Q: A diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, how many types of gametescan be produced?

A: Loci refer to the fixed position on a chromosome. Heterozygous organisms have different alleles for…

Q: In general, why do changes in chromosome structure or numbertend to affect an individual’s…

A: Chromosome is a compact structure of a DNA molecule wrapped around some proteins. It is generally…

Q: A wild-type chromosome has the following segments: A B C • D E F G H I Researchers have found…

A: They coil under the light microscope during prophase I and become shorter and thicker and more…

Q: Are all reciprocal translocations likely to result in sterility? How can one result in normal…

A: Reciprocal translocation is one of the two types of chromosome translocation. Chromosome…

Q: Why do you think there are no viable trisomies of chromosome 1?

A: Chromosome 1 is the largest chromosome in human. Approximately 8% of the total DNA is found in this…

Q: What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a polytene chromosome?

A: Polytene chromosomes, also known as giant chromosomes, are commonly found in the cells of salivary…

Q: The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What…

A: There are four types of chromosomal mutations: deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation.…

Q: How can alteration in chromosome number or structure impact living organism? Explain how Down's…

A: Meiosis also called as reductional division is the type of cell division where the number of…

Q: If a muscle cell of a typical organism has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in a gamete…

A: Muscle cells are also called as myocytes. These muscle cells are made up of muscle tissue. Muscle…

Q: Would you assume that the length of a chromosome might have anything to do with the number of…

A: The chromosomes are duplicated during the process of cell division. The process of  cell division…

Q: Can (1) chain and (2) ring structural abberations still lead to fertile gametes? explain

A: Abberations indicates the genetic material which should be DNA . The DNA transfer the information…

Q: What type of chromosome or fragment cannot be formed by the following chromosome inversion…

A: An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of chromosome is reversed end-to-end.…

Q: Why is random assortment of chromosomes necessary? What can we expect if this does not occur?

A: Gregor Mendel postulated a laws of inheritance ;which are mainly applicable to the eukaryotic…

Q: Which, if any, of the following sex-chromosome aneuploids in humans are fertile: XXX, XXY, XYY, XO?

A: Aneuploids are a kind of chromosomal mutations which results in abnormal number of chromosomes.

Q: Why is the word homologous used to describe chromosome pairs, rather than the word identical?

A: Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that is acquired one from the paternal and another from…

Q: Why does more crossing over occur between two distantly linkedgenes than between two genes that are…

A: Answer- Crossing over is the mechanism in which a part of the sister chromatids of the homologous…

Q: Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18, 36, 54, 72, and 90 chromosomes; all are multiples of…

A: The chromosome is the package of densely packed chromatin fibers with DNA and histone proteins. In…

Q: If an organism has a haploid number of three, how many tetrad structures will align on the…

A: If an organism has a haploid number of three, how many tetrad structures will align on the…

Q: A chromosome with the following gene order has a paracentric inversion of BCDE. A B C D E F • G H If…

A:

Q: The kidney bean plant, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a diploid speciescontaining a total of 22 chromosomes…

A: Polyploidy is a numerical abnormality which consists of more than two pair of chromosomes. It is…

Q: Does mitotic recombination occur in a gamete (sperm or egg cell) or in a somatic cell?

A: Cell division is typically a part of a broader cycle of cells. There are two distinct forms of cell…

Q: Given the end results of the two types of cell division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair…

A: Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. This is beneficial to recover the mixture of…

Q: Is a trisomic an aneuploid or a polyploid?

A: Trisomy is a genetic condition in which an extra chromosome or part of a chromosome is added to a…

Q: The somatic cells of a given species contain 14 pairs of chromosomes. If a gamete receives one…

A: Somatic cells contain 2n number of chromosomes (diploid) and gametes contain n number of chromosomes…

Q: Why does chromosome 21 come first before chromosome 22? If chromosome 21 is smaller than chromosome…

A: Chromosome diseases are genetic illnesses caused by chromosome mutations. Chromosome diseases are…

Q: Given the diploid chromosome number highlighted above, what is the haploid chromosome number?

A: Cell division is the process of division of cell which occurs by two process - Mitosis Meiosis…

Q: What causes polyploidy?

A: Heredity as we know is the passing on of traits from parents onto their offsprings. Organisms that…

Q: In a diploid cell for which 2n = 20, how many chromosomes will be present in daughter cells after…

A: Cell division forms a significant part of the cell cycle. During cell division, the parental cell…

Q: What is chromosomal rearrangements?

A: “Chromosomes” are “thread-like structures” and is composed of “protein” and a “DNA molecule” which…

Q: What is inversion heterozygote?

A: Inversion is a chromosomal rearrangement when a segment of chromosome breaks and then rejoins in…

Q: The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What…

A: A mutation is an alteration or a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA. Genetic…

Q: How acentric chromosomes segregate without centromeres?

A: Acentric chromosome is a fragment of chromosome that doesn't have a centromere as there lost during…

Q: What process occurs when genes swap position on a chromosome during meiosis, as in the case of Cru…

A: Meiosis is a cellular process where a single cell divides two times to produce four cells containing…

Q: Common red clover, Trifolium pratense, is a diploidwith 14 chromosomes per somatic cell. What…

A: Trifolium pratense is the herbaceous species of the flowering plant. It belongs to the bean family…

Q: there are 9 chromosome pairs, how many univalents are there at anaphase I on each pole?

A: Anaohase 1 is the  stage of meiotic first division in which the paired chromosome separates and move…

Q: Why some Autopolyploids are sterile?

A: Ploidy level of an organism represent the set of chromosomes in it. Diploid means complete set of…

Q: A diploid organism has a total of 14 chromosomes and about20,000 genes per haploid genome.…

A: Genetic linkage refers to the close association of genes chromosome that are located close to each…

Q: Consider three pairs of homologous chromosomes with centromere labeled A/a, B/B, C/c. How many kinds…

A: Meiosis is the process in which the germ cells for sexual mode of reproduction is formed. This…

Q: What is a balanced chromosomal rearrangement?

A: Chromosomes carry the genetic material DNA. Chromosomes may undergo rearrangements that are the…

Q: An individual is heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, with the following chromosomes: A • B…

A: Translocation in chromosomes refers to the abnormal chromosomal rearrangement. It could be a…

Q: What would be the result if a chromosome did not have a kinetochore?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the hereditary material present in the nucleus of the cell. It…

Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: