xplain the difference between making decisions under uncertainty and under risky conditions.
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Q: Discuss the differences between decision making under certainty, under risk, and under uncertainty.
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- Decision making is a fundamental management function. In the light of this statement, define and explain including all the 3 approach of decision making (rational, behaviour and practical), with examples, all the views on how managers make decisions. Explain with Examples.2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for decision-making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace, and Minimax Regret. Show the work on an Excel File. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,000 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 02. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,00 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 0
- 22- Identify the statement which is TRUE regarding decision making. a. Managers should use only ready-made solutions all the time. b. Managers should rank the solution according to its advantages and disadvantages. c. Managers should not use any ready-made solutions at all. d. Managers should rank the solutions according to his personal preferences only.Explain the given approaches for making decisions and Explain at least two example situations where following types of decision making can be more effective: Rational decision making Intuitive decision making3. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.4), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. Show the work on excel file. SIZE OF FIRST STATION GOOD MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET ($) ($) ($) Small 50,000 20,000 -10,000 Medium 80,000 30,000 -20,000 Large 100,000 30,000 -40,000 Very large 300,000 25,000 -160,000
- How can decision trees be used to make decisions under uncertainty?Miriam and Devon are both upper-level managers, but have very different decision-making styles. Please name and describe in your own words four decision making processes that could be used to guide their decision making. In addition, provide and explain in your own words 10 ways in which their decision could, in general, be derailed or hindered, and explain each.a, How is your rationality bounded with respect to your decisions in general, for example buying a new car? In what ways are you optimizing? In what ways are you satisficing? Explain. b. Which cognitive biases and behavioral challenges could affect your decision-making? How could noise, as described in this class, affect your decision-making? Explain. c. Suggest a heuristic that should be helpful when making this decision. Explain why it should usually help (which bias is it related to) and when it might lead to mistakes. d. How can you nudge yourself to a better decision? Why do you expect it to work? What other techniques can you use to limit the effects of biases and noise? e. How might the cognitive effects of scarcity (e.g. focus dividend, bandwidth tax) or present bias affect the financial aspect of your decision? How will you reduce this effect?
- GATEWAY CHIEF MAKES DARING DECISIONSRead the case and answer the questions that follow. Studying this case will help you better understand how decisionmaking concepts can be applied in a company such as Gateway.Bill Gates, Michael Dell, and . . . Ted Waitt? Like Gates and Dell, Waitt left college to form a computer company, Gateway.He and Mike Hammond, now senior vice president of manufacturing, started the firm in a farmhouse with a loan secured by a $10,000 CD owned by Waitt’s grandmother. Initially, they sold hardware peripherals and software to owners of PCs made by Texas Instruments; later they expanded into designing and assembling their own fully configured PC systems for direct sale to consumers and businesses.As his company grew, Waitt used his Midwestern roots to differentiate the South Dakota–based company from competitorssuch as Dell and Hewlett-Packard. For example, he used eyecatching cow spots to establish a brand image, which can bequite difficult in the standardized…entify and discuss briefly four (4) common errors that may be committed in the decision-making process.2.Discuss the three types of programmed decisions that amanager depends on to resolve structured problems.