You are interested in analyzing how rent controls affect students' housing outcomes. You collect information from a random sample of 350 counties across the US. Let on_campus summarize the share of undergraduate students in the county that live on campus. Let rent_control be an indicator variable equal to 1 if the county has rent controls and zero if it does not. These are the descriptive statistics for your sample: rent_control = 0.1 on_campus = 0.18 sample variance of rent_control = s²rent_control = 0.3 sample variance of on_campus = s². = 0.2 on_campus
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- Given the following data X (consumers of teff) or popn 3 6 8 1 13 13 14 Y ( teff consumption) 8 6 10 12 12 14 20 year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Estimate the regression equation, Y= a+bX, Where Y denotes demand for teff while X is consumers of teff (population) By assuming demand for teff is only affected by its consumers, find the amount demand for teff in the year 2022 if the populations (consumers of teff) are about 18 people? (Hint: use the least square method, parameter a and b can be estimated by solving the two linear equations) SY= na+ bSX SXY=aSX +b Where n is number of years. For example, Estimate the sales for 2012, 2015 and fit a linear regression equation and draw a trend line.ar X Sales (Y) XY X2 year X Sales (Y) XY X2 2002 1 22734 22734 1 2003 2 24731 49462 4 2004 3 31489 94467 9 2005 4 44685 178740 16 2006 5 55319…Ten years ago, the town of Easton decided to increase its annual spending on education so that its high school graduates would be able to earn higher wages. Now Easton has asked you to evaluate the effectiveness of the spending increase. Their data show that before the spending increase, the average annual salary of recent high school graduates was $25,000 and that now that average salary has risen to $28,500. Fortunately for your analysis, a neighboring community (Allentown) did not change its annual spending on education. Ten years ago, recent Allentown high school graduates earned an average of $22,500, and now that average is $23,750. (a) Use a difference-in-differences estimator to determine whether Easton’s spending increase caused the wages of their high school graduates to increase. (b) What underlying assumption do you have to make in order for your estimate to be valid? What might cause your underlying assumption to be invalid? (c) This data set contains only two…Suppose that the government tends to maximize the tax revenue. How would the cannabis price drop affect the government tax revenue if cannabis was taxed by price? Did the government anticipate the cannabis price drop when designing the tax scheme? You may come up with an artificial numerical example to support your findings. are alcohol and cigarettes substitutes or complements of cannabis?(The answer to this question depends on the actual consumption data. If you do not know the data, you may make an assumption. Then, you should stick with this assumption for the rest of your analysis. For example, if you assume that alcohol and cigarettes are substitutes of cannabis, then your entire analysis is based upon this assumption.) How would the change in the price of cannabis possibly affect the market demand curve for alcohol/cigarettes?
- After the passage of an increase to the minimum wage in a certain city, some people wanted to collect data as to the impact such would have on businesses. The local business leadership council received 180 calls from its members. 160 of those calls predicted that the increase in the minimum wage would "severely hamper the financial health of small businesses." Briefly describe a possible problem associated with using these results to estimate the actual percentage of all members of the local business leadership council who would feel similarly. (Use the lecture video as your guide!)Sales of sugar-sweetened beverages at stores in Seattle dropped about 30.5% in the months after the city adopted a tax on such beverages, says a new study that also looked at sales at stores in Portland, which has no such tax.Sales in Portland declined only 10.5%, suggesting sales in Seattle dropped much more than they would have without a tax, according to the peer-reviewed study by University of Illinois at Chicago researchers.The study’s results are the first to measure the impact of Seattle’s tax on beverage sales in the city, and they may bolster claims by supporters that the controversial policy is working as intended.“From a public health perspective, this is good,” said Jay Krieger, a University of Washington professor who heads the nonprofit Healthy Food America. “People are purchasing less sugary drinks, and we know that sugary drinks are associated with heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and strokes.”Seattle’s tax of 1.75 cents per fluid ounce, which took effect on…Sales of sugar-sweetened beverages at stores in Seattle dropped about 30.5% in the months after the city adopted a tax on such beverages, says a new study that also looked at sales at stores in Portland, which has no such tax.Sales in Portland declined only 10.5%, suggesting sales in Seattle dropped much more than they would have without a tax, according to the peer-reviewed study by University of Illinois at Chicago researchers.The study’s results are the first to measure the impact of Seattle’s tax on beverage sales in the city, and they may bolster claims by supporters that the controversial policy is working as intended.“From a public health perspective, this is good,” said Jay Krieger, a University of Washington professor who heads the nonprofit Healthy Food America. “People are purchasing less sugary drinks, and we know that sugary drinks are associated with heart disease, diabetes,high blood pressure and strokes.”Seattle’s tax of 1.75 cents per fluid ounce, which took effect on…
- Bill O'Really of OX News observed that poultry (chicken and turkey) consumption in the US increased dramatically over the 2000 to 2006 period. This he believed was due to the fact that consumers, being more health conscious, switched from red meat to poultry, in an effort to eat healthier foods. Intrigued by these findings, Bill contacted the US Department of Agriculture for additional information. The department provided him with data that yielded two findings. First, there was a 75% decrease in the price of poultry over the period and second, there was widespread adoption of cost reducing innovations in poultry processing. Being a supposedly brilliant journalist, Bill concluded that the demand curve for poultry had shifted to the right. a. Is Bill's conclusion correct or incorrect? Explain your answer using supply and demand diagrams (best to use two diagrams in your answer). ANS:A study by University of Minnesota economist, Joel Waldfogel, estimated the difference in the actual monetary value of gifts received and how much the recipients would have been willing to pay to buy them on their own. The study suggested that the average recipient’s valuation was approximately 90% of the actual purchase price. a. In 2017, it was estimated that the average amount spent on winter holiday gifts in the United States was $906. Based on the estimate from the Waldfogel study, how much of this would be deadweight loss? Enter your answer to the cent. b. In 2017, approximately 250 million people in the United States were above the age of 18. Assuming that each individual purchased $906 worth of gifts, what was the total deadweight loss associated with gift-giving in the United States? Round your answer to the nearest billion dollars.In 2009 the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD) conducted a study of 34 membercountries called the Programme for International StudentAssessment (PISA). The OECD looked at reading scores among 15-year-olds in each country as well as the stu-dents’ socioeconomic backgrounds. PISA reported that higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher reading scores, with their socioeconomic index explain-ing 14% of the variability in reading scores. (Source: Sahlberg, Pasi, “A Model Lesson: FinlandShows Us What Equal Opportunity Looks Like,”American Educator Spring 2012: 25.)Which of the following can be correctly concluded fromthis information?A) For every additional point in the mean reading scorein an OECD country, the PISA socioeconomic indexis expected to increase by 14% on average.B) For every additional one percent increase in the PISAsocioeconomic index, the mean reading score isexpected to increase by 14% on average.C) If the U.S. government wants to…
- Question 2 Suppose we are interested in the effect of attending a particular school on students’ income in adulthood. Let malei be a dummy variable which is equal to 1 if student i is male. Translate the following mathematical expression into plain English E(Yi(1) − Yi(0)|malei = 1). Full explain this question and text typing work only We should answer our question within 2 hours takes more time then we will reduce Rating Dont ignore this line .Researchers were interested in collecting data to examine whether there was a relationship between air pollutant and preterm births in SouthernCalifornia. During the study, air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Length of gestation (weeks of pregnancy) data were collected on 143,196 births between1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during gestation was calculated for each birth. 1. Do you think "air pollution levels" are numerical or categorical variables? Give an example of what this data might look like. 2.Can the results of this study be used to establisha causal relationship between airpollution and preterm births? Why or why not? 3.Do you think the results of this study can be generalizedto the population? Why or whynot?Cristina is excited with these averages and tells her public relations team to prepare a glossy brochure to showcase this $250 increase in household income. which of the following must be true to confidently conclude that this $250 difference in average income was caused by access to a UThere The herders who bought UThere phones would have had higher income than the herders who did not even if they had not purchased the UThere phone. The herders who bought UThere phones would have had the same income as the herders who did not even if they had not purchased the UThere phone. We don’t need to worry about Selection Bias since Nepal and Tibet are small countries with more or less similar people. The equation for Selection Bias does not provide enough information since we do not know the counterfactuals.