You had two blood samples and needed to distinguish between TD and TI B cell responses. You performed a blood test and found that sample 1 was infected with TD antigen and sample 2 with TI and antigen. The results of the analysis showed that sample 1 Select] ( Select ] sample 2 ISelect] V have (select cor High levels of IgG in plasma Affinity of antibodies to antigen increased over time Low levels of membrane-bound IgD on B cells

You had two blood samples and needed to distinguish between TD and TI B cell responses. You performed a blood test and found that sample 1 was infected with TD antigen and sample 2 with TI and antigen. The results of the analysis showed that sample 1 Select] ( Select ] sample 2 ISelect] V have (select cor High levels of IgG in plasma Affinity of antibodies to antigen increased over time Low levels of membrane-bound IgD on B cells

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Immunity And Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4SQ

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In a mixed lymphocyte reaction, T cells from individual A make a robust response to antigen-presenting-cells from individual B, as long as the two individuals express different alleles of MHC molecules. Estimates indicate that up to 10% of the T cells from individual A may contribute to this response. If one performed this assay using responder T cells from a child and antigen-presenting cells from one parent, the result would be: A massive proliferative response made by the antigen-presenting cells of the parent A very weak response by the child’s T cells, involving only 0.1% of their T cells The complete absence of any proliferative response by the child’s T cells A robust cytolytic response that kills all of the parent’s antigen-presenting cells A robust response by the child’s T cells
CD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the numbers of IFN-g-producing CD8 T cells are quantified. As a control, T cells are also stimulated with an irrelevant non-viral peptide (ova) plus dendritic cells. The results are shown in the figure below. Why is the T cell response different between the two lymph node populations?
An experiment is performed in a mice and studies have indicated that Batf3-/- mice lack one particular subset of conventional dendritic cells, known as CD8a+ dendritic cells (DC), but otherwise appear to have normal numbers and subsets of all other immune cell populations (e.g., T cells, B cells, macrophages, etc.). The results of this experiment are shown in the figure below. Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the Batf3-/- mice immunized with WNV.
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 T cells whose receptors strongly bind a self-pep-tide–MHC complex are killed off in peripheral lymphoidorgans when they encounter the self peptide on an anti-gen-presenting dendritic cell. 2 To guarantee that the antigen-presenting cells inthe thymus will display a complete repertoire of self pep-tides to allow elimination of self-reactive T cells, the thy-mus recruits dendritic cells from all over the body. 3 The antibody diversity created by the combinato-rial joining of V, D, and J segments by V(D)J recombinationpales in comparison to the enormous diversity created bythe random gain and loss of nucleotides at V, D, and J join-ing sites.
The following events occur in humoral immunity, leading to an activated B cell in a T dependent manner. Of the steps listed below, which would be step number 5 in the process. Hint: only include these steps in the numbering...order the steps and select which one is #5 A. secretion of cytokines by Th B. Receptor mediated endocytosis C. B cell receptors recognize and bind to an antigen D. Recognition by Th E. Digestion and processing of the antigen by the B cell F. Display of the antigen along with MHC proteins
Immature B-cells express only IgM on its membrane, and if it encounters antigen the IgM will be stripped off and the cell will stimulated to undergo apoptosis. A mature B-cell expresses IgM and IgD on its membrane. What mechanism allows these cells to express and secrete IgE antibodies in type I hypersensitivity reactions? Explain this mechanism.
A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement.
B cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. Due to this mechanism, B cells can be activated by much lower concentrations of antigen (in this case, the pathogen) than if the antigen is devoid of complement components. This mechanism functions to: Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells Allow the B cell to block pathogen replication by interfering with multiple pathogen surface functions
Ted finds out that he has been exposed to the measles and is concerned that he might have contracted the disease. His physician takes a blood sample and sends it to a lab to measure antibody levels. The results show an elevatedlevel of IgM antibodies to rubella (German measles) virus but very few IgG antibodies to the virus. Did Ted contract the disease?
If a B cell receptor does not pass selection, is it better to be self-reactive against a cell-surface molecule or a soluble molecule? Why?
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In order for an antigen to activate or sensitize a T helper cell, the antigen must be a. coated with antibodies b. displayed on the surface of an APC along with MHC antigens c. displayed on the surface of another T cell with IgD antibodies d. partly digested by a natural killer cell
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.