Caliph

however, the story of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid and his much-exalted qadi Abu Yusuf also highlights an interesting point about religion and the works to follow or otherwise remain within the confines of certain religious mandates while simultaneously being able to pursue whatever personal ends one desires. Though the qadi claims that the actions of the Caliph all fall within accordance with the Qur’an and the teachings of Islam, the series of events required to allow the Caliph to consummate a marriage

religious society. After the death of Muhammad, four different caliphs were selected in different times; all of them were close to the prophet in his time. The Muslim nation at that time were distributed into two groups who thought that Ali is the right successor of Muhammad, and other was the one that decided to have the three caliphs after which Ali was autonomously selected by the crowd (Nicholson, 2010). Last three of the caliphs were assassinated during their regime. The chaotic environment

after this battle, Khalid took a short rest for months waiting for the orders of the Caliph Abu-Bakr, Islam message had to be delivered to all the world, since the Persian territory were killing all of Muslims who tried to preach Islamic religion in Iraq, The Caliph Abu-Bakr decided to fight the Persian territory and to take Iraq from it, to preach Islam peacefully, the Arabian peninsula got united under the rule Caliph Abu-Bakr again, after it`s divided, and most of the people in the peninsula converted

A caliph is the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. Sunni and Shiite split the old caliph died, also because Muhammad did not leave clear instructions on who should be next caliph and everyone wanted their family to be the next caliph. A schism happened between the Shiites and the Sunni because they couldn't decide who should be the next caliph. “Caliph is a religious and political leader of the Muslim community” This is important because it means whoever

The dynasty of the Abbasid caliphs (750-1258), was the most enduring of the medieval Islamic world, ruling since 750 AD, when they seized power from Umayyad; ending his reign in 1258, when Baghdad was conquered by the Mongols. The five centuries of the Abbasid dynasty in Iraq coincide with the greatest flowering of Arab-Muslim civilization. The most surprising of the Abbasid dynasty is the enormous cultural development that his government led the Arab world in virtually all fields of knowledge, from

tribes who were once united broke apart and began fighting the way they had been before Muhammad came into place. After the death of Muhammad, it was the caliph’s job to continue spreading Islam throughout the world. Caliph literally means the deputy to God’s messenger. The first caliph, Abu Bakr,

The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called

they have been increasing. Muslims were one interconnected group without divisions or conflicts. However, in 632, after the death of prophet Muhammad Muslims needed to caliph or successor to mastermind their affairs. Therefore, they divided into two groups; Sunni and Shia. Sunni claimed that prophet Muhammad did not choose caliph to him before his death, so they chose Abu-Bakr, who prophet Muhammad’s friend and the father of his wife. Then Umar, Othman and finally, Ali. The second group was Shia

be the supreme leader, or caliph. This caused a major division among the empire which caused a downfall for the empire. Sunni, or followers of the Sunna, want their successor to be an elected caliph. Caliphs are “a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.” (pg. 80) The Sunni think that only Muslim families should elect the caliphs not the council and advisors. What created a division between the Sunni and the Shia is that the Sunni believed that the caliph did not have to be from the

the most tolerant ancient leaders come from the Middle East, and although they did not come from the same time period, they have a ton of similarities. These two leaders are: Cyrus the Great of the Persian Empire and Caliph Umar of the Muslim faith. Although for their times both Caliph Umar and Cyrus the