Caliph

Islam At first, the history of Islam is connected to Mohamed’s life. Mohamed was born in to a wealthy merchant Clan, which is now Saudi Arabia. On the other hand Muslims thought Islam began with God. Mohamed was raised by his uncle, because his parents and grandparents passed away. Mohamed lived the life of a Quryash Merchant then later married a girl by the name of Khadija. Mohamed started hearing voices and though he was going mad. But Khadija thought differently and told Mohamed that he was the

direct progeny of The Prophet, his death and succession would cause much strife ad bloodshed in generations to come. Seizing power as caliph in 661 was Mu’awiya b. Abu Sufyan, the first of the Umayyad family to hold this position where an Umayyad would maintain the throne for the next nearly 90 years. Throughout the time of the Umayyad rule from 661 to 750, these caliphs had a tremendous impact on not only the Arabian Peninsula, but most of the nations through North Africa, Southwestern Europe, and

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites Conflict In history, there have been different types of belief systems, some polytheistic, some monotheistic. These belief systems either showed to rise in power and stayed there or plummet quickly, all these belief systems had some type of law and/or order, whether codified or not. Islam is the largest religion in the world, with over one billion followers. Islam means "surrender" and Muslim means "anyone or anything that surrenders itself to the true will of God". Islam

relation to the Trinity. In the two such defenses that are studied in this essay, we find that Christians have explained the nature of Trinity with varying degrees of effectiveness and success. Timothy the Patriarch defends the Trinity before the Caliph Madhi with few compelling arguments, and Gregory of Nyssa explains it in a more abstract and therefore more effective way. Each however defends the Trinity according to his understanding of it.

Although Muhammad was a orphan he was the one to start the religion Islam that millions of people still follow. He was called to prophethood and rejected but still persevered and started an empire that lasted for a long time. Muhammad’s father died before Muhammad was born in Makkah around 570 C.E. When he was 5 or 6 his mom died and he became an orphan. Muhammad worked for Khadijah who had a trade business. When Muhammad was 25 he married Khadijah. One day Muhammad went to a cave to pray, there

“spinning in his dreams.” In the second response, The Dialogue between Timothy and the Baghdad Caliph, has a much more nuanced and lighthearted debate about Christian-Muslim apologetics. For one, Christians under Muslim rule were given certain rights provided they pay the jizya tax, and treated as second class citizens, with few holding court positions. Timothy was one of the few and a good friend of the Caliph to the point of having civil discourse with each

Muhammad. Hence, the prophet’s death flared many political shortcomings between Sunni and Shia Muslims. A turning point in the unity of Islam was the question of who would lead the empire after the prophet’s death. After his death, there were four caliphs who led the Islamic community through a smooth transition. As Melissa Snell explained, “Sunni Muslims agreed with many of the Prophet's companions at the time of his death: that the new leader should be elected from among those capable of the job”

remained alive, eventually resulting in the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. The latter believed that Ali (who was related to Muhammad and would be the fourth Caliph, eventually) was the divinely appointed successor to the Prophet and had been badly snubbed by the elections that eventually put Abu Bakr in power as the First Caliph. Unfortunately for Islam, this early glimmering of democracy faded and flickered out of

The Umayyads ruled from 661-750 CE. When doing so, they created the first 14 caliphs. Once the Umayyads had control they began to conquer new lands. The empire spanned parts of three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe in less than 100 years. When the Umayyads took power, the Empire’s eastern boundary extended into Persia and pushed the border further into Central Asia. The expansion began with hit and run raids attacking the cities of Bukhara and Smarkland- both major trade cities of the region

Differences of the impact of religion on Byzantine and Islam There were many similarities and differences between the religious impact on the Islamic Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire. A similarity between the two was that both churches in their region split, which developed conflict. The Byzantine's Roman church split into Catholicism and Orthodoxy, and the Muslims faith splits into Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. The other similarity was the commandments that both regions followed. And a difference