Caliph

1. Mecca was considered both an important religious and economic center because as well as being a caravan city, it was also the birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and the religion of Islam. 2. The Ka’ba was a pilgrimage site for followers of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The cubical shrine was associated with stories of Jews and Christians in which Abraham was believed to be the builder of the Ka’ba. In addition, Meccans believed a site outside Mecca was the location where God asked Abraham

psychological , and cronic desisese . These hospitasl , also known as “Bimarstans” were established all across the Middle East and important cities like Baghdad , Damarcus and Cairo (Rodini 8 ;Hamarneh 367). Islamic hospitals were highly supported by caliphs and the Muslim befief for promoting health and charity for their sick civilians (Rodini 8). These hospitals helped bring unity and stopped social structure within their Muslim community and helped improve medical advancement in islam. Before the creation

evident when Hindu rulers try to reconquer parts of the lower Indus valley. Land and sea travel was slow and dangerous for people. Most people kept regional identities instead of to the caliph. Their military technology was equal or even less than the enemy’s. Over time, the leadership quality worsened, and the caliphs were no longer frugal but began to buy luxurious items. These luxuries cost them the future, and resources were decreasing from less territory. Women’s rights regressed even further as

from there, power moved to the far reaches of the kingdom. Each province had a caliph (like a governor) who put his policies into place. There were ulamas, who were people that had religious understanding and qadis who were judges. They established an official education that underlined the learning of the Quran and sharia. Ulamas and qadis were very important because they helped keep the Islamic beliefs in place. The caliphs additionally ensured that there was a military, kept the roads in condition

Shiites reject the first three Caliphs of Islam, and consider Ali to be the first Imam. Sunni accept the four rightly guided Caliphs. An Imam in the Shiites narratives can only come from the prophet’s bloodline, and has a special ability of interpreting the Quran that normal people cannot do. This narrative further perpetuates the

There are many differences and similarities between the beliefs of Muslims who follow Sunni, Shi’ite and Sufi Islam. Both the Sunni & Shi’ite sects of Islam were formed in 632 CE and the Sufi Sect was formed in 675 CE. All three sects originated in the Middle East, worship Allah and use the Qur’an as their sacred text. Immediately after the death of the Prophet Muhammed the Sunni sect was formed and comprised of believers who did not support the belief that Muhammad’s cousin & son-in-law Ali should

1) There are 3 different missionary groups in early Christianity. Paul, is an apostle that didn’t know or see Jesus. He found the Holy Spirit through a revelation by God. Paul spreads the gospel in many cities across the Mediterranean, most of them being Gentiles. Paul believes that faith in Jesus is the only requirement to find grace. The Apostles and elders of Jerusalem are the leaders of the early Christian church with a majority of its population being Jews, not Gentiles. They established a council

Abrahamic religions, religions that derive from the biblical character Abraham, have three main religions in the group. The first, and oldest, is Judaism, founded several thousand years ago in the Middle East; then there is Christianity, the most popular religion in the world, which was founded shortly after the death of Christ; finally, there is Islam, the second most popular religion in the world, founded by the prophet Muhammed in the 7th century ACE. Islam has over one billion followers of the

Unlike Christianity, which developed a hierarchical system within it’s community, Islam remained free of any holy authority other than the Caliph. Values such as respect, modesty, and charitable nature were retained through the years. Religious traditions and beliefs remained the same throughout Islamic civilization because of the belief that the Quran was written to be appropriate for all

The Umayyads were a family that took over after the death of Ali, they ruled the Islamic Empire helping spread the faith through conquering. The Abbasids were the next family that took over after the fall of the Umayyads. The Abbasids had many achievements, and helped expand the empire further. The Umayyads and the Abbasids both ruled the same areas, and they both conquered more area to spread their religion. Although they share features they also are different in their government, and the treatment