Carcinoma in situ

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite of folic acid that blocks the formation of thymine within the cell, rendering it incapable of DNA replication. As a chemotherapeutic agent, it is also employed as an alternative treatment for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis when they are unresponsive to conventional therapies. Methotrexate (MTX) induces an effect similar to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by interrupting the formation of thymine within the cell, which leads to the inability to replicate DNA. Unlike 5-FU

the prevalence rate with increasing age, likely as a result of development of an immune response against the virus and reduction of sexual activity. At a molecular level, HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma less frequently harbours gross chromosomal deletions than HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma, and has a unique molecular signature characterized by overexpression of the tumour suppressor protein (p16) and infrequent TP53 mutations or EGFR amplification, these molecular markers (p16) overexpression

More recently, loss of CEP55 function due to presence of truncated mutation in the C-terminal region of CEP55 (p.S425X) has been shown to cause a novel autosomal recessive syndrome affecting neuronal mitosis called MARCH (Multinucleated neurons, Anhydramnios, Renal dysplasia, Cerebellar hypoplasia and Hydranencephaly) [274]. Hydranencephaly is a congenital anomaly wherein the cerebral hemisphere of the brain is replaced by fluid-filled cyst. Frosk et al. reported presence of homozygous nonsense mutation

Cancer of the Tonsils Cancer of the tonsils occurs when cells on the outside of the tonsils become abnormal and start to grow out of control. This usually starts in very thin, flat cells that line the surface of your tonsils (squamous cells). Cancer cells can spread and form a mass of cells called a tumor. The cancer may spread deeper into the tonsils, or it may spread to other areas of the body (metastasize). RISK FACTORS The exact cause of cancer of the tonsils is not known, but there are risk

Cancer of the floor of the mouth occurs when cells under your tongue become abnormal and start to grow out of control. This usually starts in very thin, flat cells that line the surface of your mouth (squamous cells). Cancer cells can spread and form a mass of cells called a tumor. The cancer may spread deeper into the floor of the mouth, or it may spread to other areas of the body (metastasize). RISK FACTORS The exact cause of cancer of the floor of the mouth is not known, but there are a number

Abstract: Lung cancer has a high mortality rate due to late detection of the disease. There are many different causes of lung cancer but most leading cause is smoking. Biomarkers play an important role in the detection of a disease. There are many present detecting techniques for lung cancer, for example tissue biopsy, computed tomography and laser-induced fluorescence endoscope etc. Every technique have some limitations and the most appropriate technique for detecting lung cancer is mass spectrometry

Nicotine cancer prevention -Smoking cessation. Transdermal patch Habitrol Nicotine cancer prevention -Smoking cessation. Polymer based Zinostatin (stimalmer) polymer conjugated to the anticancer protein neocarzinostatin-SMNACS Hepatocellular carcinoma Liposome Daunoxome Daunorubicin AIDS-related Kaposi.s 1. Controlled drug release Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through

parts of the body such as bond, central nervous system, or liver. Based on its histological appearance, breast cancer can be divided into many subtypes, which are infiltrating or invasive ductal carcinoma (the most common type of breast cancer), medullary carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or tubular carcinoma, etc. Every subtype of breast cancer might target a specific group of patients and response to some unique treatments. What is Triple-Negative Breast Cancer? Today, breast cancer can no longer

Breast cancer will strike one in every eight American women. This makes it the most common cancer in woman. Approximately 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Of that number, 40,000 will die from breast cancer each year. (Journal of Environmental Health 2003)      Breast cancer is just one type of cancer. Cancerous cells are cells that grow without the normal system of controls placed upon them. Breast cancer develops from the mammary ducts 80% of the time. The other 20% of

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition