Cell division

described as an uncontrollable division of cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an estimated 595,690 deaths and 1,685,210 new cases in 2016 alone (NIH 2015). Cancer can develop from almost every organ of the body, with the most common organs affected being the breasts, lungs, prostate, colon, and bladder (NIH 2015). As the disease progresses, it may become metastatic, where the cancer cells migrate from their point of origin

or Docecad, is a settled threatening to mitotic chemotherapy pharmaceutical that works by intruding with cell division. Docetaxel is affirmed by the FDA for treatment of secretly advanced or metastatic chest infection, head and neck development, gastric tumor, hormone-adamant prostate danger and non small cell lung disease. It works by preventing the disease cells from isolating into 2 new cells, so it obstructs the development of tumor. Docetaxel ties to microtubules reversibly with high fondness

1) Cell division is typically explained through the progression of 4 distinct phases, G1, S, G2, and M, and can be tracked through CDK complex concentration ranges. CDKs are cyclin-dependent kinases, which regulate the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells; as suggested by the name, protein kinases are an enzyme that is dependent on cyclin for the regulation of cell division through the addition of phosphate groups. The different stages of the cell cycle correlate with different levels of cyclin and act

maintain telomere length in cancer cells by adding TTAGGG repeats onto the telomeric ends of the chromosomes; this compensates for the normal expected shortening of telomeres which occurs in all dividing cells. Predominantly human cancers emerge during ageing or during the end stage of disease are caused by the increased rate of chromosomal instability, thus inducing lesions responsible for apoptosis within cells altering them into immortal cells, i.e. cancer cells. Telomere shortening has very strong

Writing Assignment #2 Meiosis I & II Cell division involves in events of cells dividing and replicating that results in two daughter cells or more. Mitosis is a type of cell division where chromosomes in the nucleus are divided into two identical sets of chromosomes in its individual nucleus. Nevertheless, meiosis is a type of cell division that decreases the cell’s chromosome numbers by half, and that is for the purpose of sexual reproduction. A typical human cell contains two sets of sex chromosomes

and knock off atoms of the DNA randomly, damaging it. DNA consists of sequences of four possible nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, paired so that adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. As cells repair the damaged DNA, a different DNA base is often substituted. This base-substitution is known as a point mutation and can cause the production of a defective or damaged protein. Apart from being caused by radiation or chemicals, mutations also

of the body, e.g. the stomach, or blood lines, vessels and the lung. The epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside/ outside lining of body areas. Epithelial tissues that cover/line surfaces are classified by cell shape and by the number of cell layers, the image on the left is the subtypes of epithelial tissue; Squamous - flattened cells, fried egg shape in appearance. The nucleus is flattened and centrally located. Because of their thin membrane and large surface

Aging, it’s something that as a species of life on this planet we are predisposed to and its results are an inevitable factor that effects our bodies in several ways, from cataracts development to the progression of memory issues from such diseases as Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s. The concepts of aging are broken down into two theories widely accepted by several varying fields of studies such as gerontology, the study of the aging process, and oncology, the study of cancer and tumor development. The

of the body, e.g. the stomach, or blood lines, vessels and the lung. The epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside/ outside lining of body areas. Epithelial tissues that cover/line surfaces are classified by cell shape and by the number of cell layers, the image on the left is the subtypes of epithelial tissue; Squamous - flattened cells, fried egg shape in appearance. The nucleus is flattened and centrally located. Because of their thin membrane and large surface

one of the most fatal and prevalent diseases to exist. However, new research being conducted on telomeres and telomerase provides insight on not only the aging process and mortality of cells, but also on how the idea of cell death connects to cancer cells. By gaining knowledge on the supposed immortality of cancer cells, researchers are acquiring a higher understanding of the subject, and attempting to work on alternate techniques to provide treatment for the illness. The connection between telomeres