Chromosomes

Humans have 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, this new species has 12 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. a) For a haploid cell, this new species would have 13 chromosomes in it. One copy of each autosome (12) as well as one sex chromosome (1). b) For a diploid cell, this new species would have 26 chromosomes in it. A pair of each autosome (24) as well as two sex chromosomes (2). c) For a tetraploid cell (when 4n), this new species would have 52 chromosomes in it. Two pairs of each autosome (48)

one needs to know the science behind what it takes to modify a human and both the positive and negative effects To know how Human Genetic Engineering works, one needs to know specific topics such as: • What mitosis is • What is DNA • What is a chromosome • The structure of DNA • What meiosis is • What a punnet square is in-depth • What a mutation is • Positives of it • Negatives of it The data will also address the ethnics of Human Genetic Engineering and other subjects associated with Human Genetic

16) D) prophase. 17) 18) During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) telophase D) prophase 19) At the start of mitotic anaphase, A) the chromatid DNA replicates. B) the centromeres of each chromosome come apart. C) nuclear envelopes begin to form around the chromosomes. D) equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles. 18) 19) 2 20) During which phase

serving as a protective filter. Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that enclose the DNA and ribosomes. On the other hand, plants, animals, fungi, and prostist are composed by eukaryotes cells. All their DNA is formulated in more than one chromosome saved in the cell nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. Their movement is because the components called flagella and cilia. Nowadays, we know that all living organisms are composed by cells, which consume energy, multiply and grow

Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition related to chromosome 21. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 born infants. People who have Down Syndrome have learning difficulties, mental retardation, a different facial appearance, and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. Individuals with Down Syndrome also have an increased risk for having heart defects, digestive problems such as “gastroesophageal reflux or celiac disease”, and hearing loss. Some people who have Down Syndrome have “low activity of

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are identical and each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, which is typical of ordinary tissue growth. Each daughter cell also carries identical DNA of the parent cell. Errors in mitosis can result when there is an incorrect DNA copy called aneuploidy. The effect of errors on the health of the cell ranges from benign to cancerous, depending on the amount and type of errors. All cancer types

undergo a process called meiosis. Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes per cell – 2 sex chromosomes and 44 autosomal chromosomes, which means we have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes for a total of 23 chromosome pairs. Chromosomes are homologous (identical) to one another and one set is referred to as “n” = 23, therefore, humans are 2n = 46. Chromosomes are shaped in a string- like form and each chromosome is characterized by the placement of the centromere, whether

together to create chromosomes, essentially chromosomes are compacted chromatins as they both carry genetic information in the appearance of genes. Contrast: Chromosomes are a condensed chromatin fibers that are higher up in the order of DNA. Chromatins are composed of nucleosomes and are lower in the order of DNA. Chromosomes are compact, thick and coiled while chromatin is comprised of thin and long fibers that are uncoiled in their structure unlike chromosomes. Chromosomes are paired together

Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, the chromosome causing the problems is Chromosome 21. This disorder affects about 1 in 700 births in the United States. Currently there are about 400,000 Americans that have Down syndrome, with approximately 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome each year. The disorder forms during fertilization or soon after fertilization. Fertilization occurs when the sperm binds to zona pellucida, then the sperm undergoes acrosome reaction

cells are a threadlike structure made up of acids and proteins called chromosomes which carry genetic information. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell for a total of 46 chromosomes (Wiseman et al., 2009). When a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes unite, they begin to form a fetus with appropriate genetic makeup. In some cases, however, sperm cells and eggs have extra chromosomes which result in genetic disorders. Down syndrome is one of the most