In vitro fertilisation

Many couples hope of one day having the “American Dream.” A little house in a nice neighborhood with a white picket fence, a dog, and children playing in the yard. Sadly, this dream is not as easy to obtain for some as it is for others. 1 out of every 6 couples experience difficulty with fertility; however, not all hope is lost. The medical field offers several different options for those experiencing the pains of infertility such as IUI and IVF. For some, adoption seems to be the best, or only option

use is to test for heritable genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, and it may be used to find embryos that are a tissue match for siblings who are living with certain genetic conditions. To undergo PGD, an embryo is created via in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the process by which fusion of an egg and sperm occurs in a laboratory culture dish. The use of PGD is a contemporary socio-scientific issue as it is a controversial subject related to science, and is relevant in the modern world. Numerous

Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis, or PGD, is a procedure that people can go through to avoid passing down inheritable conditions that can have dangerous long-term effects on their children. It involves screening the mother’s embryos by In-vitro Fertilisation (IVF) for mutations, and selecting healthy embryos for further treatment. This can ‘increase the chance of a genetically normal pregnancy and the chance of having a healthy baby.’ People who are likely to apply to undergo the IVF procedure are

embryos. It is used to prevent certain genetic diseases or disorders from being passed on to the child by detecting irregularities in the number or structure of embryo chromosomes. The embryos used in the process are generally created through in vitro fertilisation and PGD is used with an IVF cycle to increase the potential for a successful pregnancy and delivery. PGD refers specifically to when one or both genetic parents have a known genetic abnormality. PGS refers to techniques where embryos from chromosomally

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis or PGD is the process of genetic testing of an embryo for serious genetic diseases before implanting it in the uterus. IVF or In Vitro Fertilisation is the manual fertilisation of an egg by adding sperm in a laboratory and then added into the uterus. Both of these procedures are used internationally for many couples who rely on this technology to be able to have children. Even though the use of PGD and IVF has drastically aided in many successful pregnancies worldwide

who might not have done so otherwise. Sometimes the reason miscarriages occur is due to the baby having a particular chromosomal abnormality. When women are older, this can make the genetic material in your eggs more likely to go wrong during fertilisation. A chromosomal defect in your baby is therefore more likely to happen and this increases the likelihood of miscarriage, even recurrent miscarriage. Disadvantages of PGD • PGD does not always result in pregnancy, and is a long, physically and

and that pregnancy occurs. The chance of successful implantation after IVF and PGD decreases in women who are over 35, this is due to the egg being more mature and the body producing fewer eggs and a decrease in hormones which are needed in order to sustain the pregnancy. In some cases not enough eggs are produced or fertilised in the process of IVF which could lead to some embryos not surviving the PGD procedure. Another disadvantage which is rare but there is still a possibility of it happening

PGD in November of 2004 in which they submitted it to the government in order to set specific restrictions on some practices which PGD can be used for. The guidelines are as follows; 1. Allows the procedure in clearly defined circumstances 2. Requires a case-by-case approval in other situations 3. Sensibly adopts an open definition of “serious” and puts in place a process for ascertaining that 4. Ensures high quality information is provided to those seeking PGD 5. Requires detailed genetic counselling

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a measure used to treat infertility where both sperm and eggs are handled, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) the most common form has been used since 1981 in the United States. ART may enable individuals who were previously not able to conceive and deliver a child the ability to do so. In 2009 the Suleman Octuplets were born using the IVF technique to a single mother who also had six other children under the same methods. The Suleman Octuplets and their mother

individuals who are infertile (inability to conceive after trying for at least 12 months). Assisted Reproductive Technologies are categorized as HardwareThere are a variety of assisted reproductive technologies that are used to help couples reproduce: • In vitro fertilization (IVF) – this is fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most effective and the most common form of ART. • Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT) or tubal embryo transfer - this is similar to IVF. Fertilization occurs in the laboratory