the torrent of information to be transmitted is divided into small pieces and each allotted across to a frequency channel across the spectrum (Rouse, 2015). An informational signal at the point of transmission is added with a higher data-rate bit sequence, which is referred to a chipping code that splits the information by way of a spreading ratio (Rouse, 2015). This redundant chipping code provides the signal the ability to resist interference and also allows the original information to be recovered
involved as I am still searching and reading papers and gathering as much information I can get. 2. For the APT1
Improvements of Block Based Pass Parallel Algorithm in Image Compression Dhivya.T1 1Student, Dept. of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women,dhivyatkalai@gmail.com Nirmala.R2 2Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women,nirdha06@gmail.com Abstract¬--- A block based pass parallel SPIHT is one of the widely used compression algorithm for wavelet transformed images. BPS is much simpler and faster than many existing compression techniques
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a modulation format that is being used for many of the latest wireless and telecommunications standards. OFDM has been adopted in the Wi-Fi arena where the standards like 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac and more. It has also been chosen for the cellular telecommunications standard LTE / LTE-A, and in addition to this it has been adopted by other standards such as WiMAX and many more. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has also been adopted
INTRODUCTION There are lots of challenges occurs for reliable wireless communication which occurs due to physical limitations of the wireless medium. There has been massive growth occurs in wireless communication which is due to the techniques that improves spectral efficiency and mitigate various channel impairments such as fading and interference. Moreover there is always demand for high speed wireless internet and technologies which are capable of providing higher capacities and link reliabilities
The information age is the period characterized by computerization and information. With automation and the passing of years, people tend towards being more curious regarding digging out of hidden secrets. Additionally, technology has improved keeping up with changing lifestyles and growing population. However, it is difficult to agree or disagree that with the coming of the information age comes the loss of crucial historical information. Consequently, many will agree that information age has both
be balanced to provide the optimum solution for any given application. The different MIMO formats - SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO require different numbers of antennas as well as having different levels of complexity. Also dependent upon the format, processing may be needed at one end of the link or the other - this can have an impact on any decisions made. SISO, SIMO, MISO, MIMO terminology The different forms of antenna technology refer to single or multiple inputs and outputs. These are related to
Module 9: Briefly describe basic procedures in using the radio: call-up, acknowledgement, length of broadcast, etc. There a two call-up methods: Call-up Method 1 and Call-up Method 2. An example of Method 1 is "Unit One, Dispatch. An example of Method 2 is Dispatch, Unit One. Broadcast should be brief and to the point. It is a common practice for radio broadcasts to be no longer than 30 seconds. It is also important to speak clearly and slowly and use plain language instead of 10-codes. The telecommunicator
approaching Claude Shannon’s contribution to Cryptography, one must look at his prior work in particular in the field of information theory, a field he theorized in his 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Information. Shannon introduced a lot of the ideas that were mentioned and developed in this revolutionary paper to the scientific community in his 1945 paper entitled A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. Indeed, during the Second World War, Shannon decided to join the Bell Labs, a research facility
Receiver Processing Only In this type of MIMO system the processing of signals occurs at the receiver only. Receiver processing system is mostly beneficial in the uplink scenario as the signal processing is restricted to the receiver and as at the mobile station no MIMO signal would be required. In case of uplink scenario, there is a single data stream which