Internet Protocol Essay

network segment. A broadcast address is a MAC destination address of all machines. But, in Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), broadcast are not supported. Generally IPv6 sends a multicast message to each machines on the network segment. ICMPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) is an enhancement from ICMP for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). ICMPv6 is a standard internet protocol that is used to send error messages. ICMP is used by network devices such as routers. Distributed

sweep is a basic networking scanning technique used to determine which range of IP addresses are mapped to active computers. During a ping sweep, Internet

1. INTRODUCTION IPsec or IP Security is a merit protocol used to deliver secure data connection. The motive of the paper is to introduce VPN and IPsec with different VPN over IPsec applications. 1.1. Virtual Private Network Overview VPN is a Virtual Private Network, a network within the original network which won’t require a separate links or communication lease lines for data transmissions. VPN uses a shared or public unsecured network to transfer the data from one end to another end through proper

The Elements of Communication Communication begins with a message, or information, that must be sent from one individual or device to another. People exchange ideas using many different communication methods. All of these methods have three elements in common. The first of these elements is the message source, or sender. Message sources are people, or electronic devices, that need to send a message to other individuals or devices. The second element of communication is the destination, or receiver

enterprise is to have a fully functional, harmonious, and cohesive tiered system where duties and actions are divided, and delineated accordingly. One of the major network architectures used to facilitate this process is known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite was designed by scientists in the effort to support a new type of network known as the ARAPNET that was being installed across the US in the late 60’s to 70’s. (White, 2013, p. 15) The challenge was to create an open system whereby

1. Introduction In this report, the OSI and TCP/IP models will be compared after going through a brief history and how the models were made. The report will bring the reader a greater understanding about the OSI and TCP model. The model shows the different layers for example for the OSI model it has the following layers: Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data-Link layer and Physical layer. The similarities in the TCP model would be: the Application

ASSIGNMENT 6 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Data communication allows individuals and companies to transmit or receive information from one point to another. For two or more devices to communicate, there should be some mechanism or medium that can link them to help them achieve their goals. This mechanism or medium is governed by rules or laws defining a format is called a protocol [3]. This is because all communications between devices require that the devices agree on proper format of the data. There

level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects. Data Link (Layer 2) At this layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. Network

It connects the computer networks globally by using standard Internet protocol suite. d. Ethernet- it is a family of interconnected computer networks. e. Star – It is a type of computer network topology that is comprised of central hub or switch through which messages get transmitted. Following diagram shows star topology

identity of an internet site (Shay, 2004, p. 321) and (Tomsho, G., Tittel, E. Johnson, D., 2004, P. 378). The digital certificate is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) such as Verisign, and a registration authority (RA) that acts as a reference to identify an entity to a user of the website, and uses a directory that holds the certificate and can revoke a company's digital status. The PKI technology is at the core of the digital certificates used in almost all transactions on the internet. The PKI