Monism

only one substance, out of which all else is somehow constituated. Substance for the Stoics, is also seen as a monist philosophy. Because Stoics think of “the world as a unitary system that contains all beings” they should be considered substance monism. This is often cited as the clearest example of how Spinoza was most influenced by Stoic philosophy. However, Spinoza states that there is only one substance, but further from that, he unambiguously signals that understanding it is a prerequisite

Nowadays, it is believed that the body is the most important aspect of human beings. This is shown in today´s culture with things from clothes to enterprises. Oppositely, in the scene from “Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back”, Yoda tries to explain Luke that he must not judge him by his size, that this is meaningless, and that in spite of the fact that he is small and seems weak he is capable of doing anything thanks to the “Force” which he controls with his mind, which may also be compared

Monism vs. Monotheism The oneness of God, in the context of belief, can primarily be defined as monotheism. Under monotheism, God is speculated to be the one real and true God that is in existence. His character, attributes, and essence are presumed to be uniquely fundamental and incompatible from all other beings, i.e., gods associated other religions. On the other hand, the belief in theological and metaphysical views that all is one, and that there are no fundamental divisions in any given spheres

that explains the mind-body problem is monism. Monism states that all our thoughts can be reduced down to a single substance. (Friedenber & Silverman, 2006. p.31) In other words, the mental and physical realities no different. Two main ideas arise from monism; either all our physical experiences are mental projections or our mental experiences result from physical substances. If you think atoms make up everything, you believe in physical monism. Physical monism states that “nothing exists apart from

consideration all the criticisms against substance dualism, I will evaluate the materialist approach to the issue in question. As aforementioned, this theory holds that there is nothing transcendental from the physical and it is a form of ontological monism. Hobbes was the first philosopher to introduce the view of mind-body materialism, which can be summarised, as “that which has no body is not part of the universe”.

Putnam argued that “the psychological properties are functional, not physical” (Putnam, 1967, p81), this is, according to Putnam, those functional properties must be “abstract properties” (Putnam, 1967, p.299) , nonetheless, Putnam claimed that depends upon physical and chemical properties of the brain, therefore, by applying the completeness of physics, those functional properties must be physical, and this physical view of functional states is defended by Lewis: “these causal roles which belong

Topic: Spinoza’s argument for substance monism Baruch Spinoza’s The Ethics addresses the nature of God and his role in the universe, yet his dedication to supported rationality leads him to the unconventional conclusion that God and the very substance of the universe are one and the same. Spinoza bases his argument in deductive reasoning, which requires the establishment of premises; in The Ethics, these premises come in the form of definitions and axioms. God in this context is simply “an absolutely

Are the mind and the brain one unit? Well, depending on who you ask, you will get a different answer. Monists believe the brain and mind are one entity and dualists believe they are separate. I think the mind and the brain are two very different parts of what make us who we are, making me a dualist. The brain, specifically the brain stem, is what keeps us alive. The mind, you could argue, is not as important to keeping us alive, but it is what gives us each a personality and identity. Our minds are

In The Concept of Mind, Gilbert Ryle labels the theory for mind-body dualism as “The Dogma of the Ghost in the Machine” (Ryle, 5). The argument for mind-body dualism states that two substances exist: physical substances and mental substances. ‘Physical substances are composed of matter’ (Ryle, 3). Moreover, physical substances are beings like bodies; they have a spatial location, but they cannot think. In comparison, ‘mental substances consist of consciousness’ (Ryle, 3). Mental substances are beings

his theory on monism. Monism is the notion that everything consists of only one thing. For Spinoza, this one thing is a substance he calls God. His monism is the argument that God is the substance which makes up everything. This has been interpreted to work in a variety of ways. In this essay, I am going to argue that Spinoza’s monism does work through one interpretation of the numerical distinction of substances and attributes. First, I will lay out Spinoza’s actual argument for monism with its premises