Nociception

Pain perception is the sensation that an individual experiences in response to a stimuli that surpasses their pain threshold. How someone perceives or interprets a stimulus is a phenomenon that they determine within themselves. This essay will discuss and evaluate the theory and research behind pain perception being more than a direct result of tissue damage. This essay will also discuss tissue damage and the psychological factors that make themselves evident in relation to pain perception. Many

Throughout this essay I will be discussing the strengths and weaknesses of sense perception as a way of knowing and how this works in our day-to-day lives. Perception is the awareness of anything through the five senses which consists of sight, taste, touch or sound, however sense perception is the understanding gained through the use of one of these senses. An example of sense perception is how a person can recognize a song when listening to it on the radio. We experience these 5 senses everyday

clinicians are sometimes skeptic of patients whom experience pain when there is no physical evidence or history of medical procedures. No one alike experiences pain the same way, even if two persons with the same type of pain could have different nociception or perception of pain. The nature of pain defined according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) subcommittee on taxonomy (1979, p.250) “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential

Estrogen Signaling in the CNS: Estrogens act on the body through several different mechanisms, all of which involve some type of ER (Hall, Couse, & Korach, 2001). Genomic actions, such as the classical ligand-dependent actions, are slower and typically longer lasting while cell-surface non-genomic actions are typically much faster, with effects seen in minutes of seconds (Losel & Wehling, 2003). Local aromatase activity can have a profound effect on estrogen-dependent signaling (Charlier et al.

behavioral changes in rat before and after removal of the cortex, and using nociception stimulation according to the operational conditioned response method, it could be demonstrated that the cerebral cortex takes part in the mechanism of pain control in acupuncture. 2. Taking 45 cats and basing on the background of spontaneous discharges of 244 body sensory neurons, observations were conducted to see the effect of nociception stimulations and hair touching stimulation on sensory neuron discharges and

(somatosensation). It turns out that this concept of five senses is overgeneralized. We also have a sensory system that gives information about balance (the vestibular sense), body situation and movement (proprioception and kinesthesia), pain (nociception), and temperature (thermoception).

anesthesia. b) Another concept I have learned in this course is perioperative analgesia. Pain management after surgery is an obvious necessity. However, I was not familiar with the concept of windup, which describes hypersensitivity due to constant nociception. To avoid windup, analgesics may be administered before, during, and after

Introduction The experience of acute pain is a primal way of understanding and responding to potentially hazardous environmental cues. The fundamental process underlying the conscious experience of pain is nociception (Boron and Boulpaep, 2017; Silverthorn and Johnson, 2016). This involves the transduction of chemical or physical stimuli into electrical signals which travel to the pain centres of the brain; namely the somatosensory cortex for perceiving the location and severity of pain, and the

body part 8. Leiomyomata: a benign tumor composed of non-striated muscular tissue 9. Adenomyosis: a disease in which the inner lining of the uterus grows into the muscle wall of the uterus; sometimes referred to as “inside-out endometriosis” 10. Nociception: the ability to sense pain 11. Myofascial: relating to the fibrous tissue that surrounds and divides layers of muscles 12. Hyperalgesia: abnormally increased sensitivity to pain 13. Allodynia: pain caused by a stimulus that does not typically trigger

by solely the kidneys (3). It could be used in different dosage forms e.g. oral, IV and topical formulations. Nowadays, compounded dosage forms of gabapentin are commonly used topically for pain management as topical 5% gabapentin reduction in nociception was similar to SQ gabapentin (100 mg/kg) according to Bryson et al (4). The most common adverse events reported were mainly CNS-related and that included somnolence (24.4%), dizziness (20.3%) and