Right ventricle

the vena cava into the right atrium, it then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. From here the blood travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where is it oxygenated, next it flows from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein. Here it passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle

Cardio myopathies are a group of diseases, which affect the myocardium of the heart (kumar and Clarke). They can be differentiated into groups with different characteristics: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrythmyogenic right ventricular hypertrophies (report of the 1995 WHO). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a familial condition affecting the heart, is characterised by unexplained and variable hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall and the inter-ventricular septum in the absence of

Task 1 Name: Cardiorespiratory C. Explain the normal function of the respiratory and cardiovascular system by doing the following: • Explain the basic process of the respiratory system from initial respiration through gas exchange. • Respiration begins when air enters the nasal cavity and makes its way into the pharynx. • Once air pass through the pharynx, and enters the larynx, the two pairs of ligaments cover by mucosa called the vestibular folds, and prevents foreign particles from entering the

by hypoplasia of the left ventricle, aortic stenosis, hypoplasia of the ascending aorta, and coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta. In normal conditions the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the systemic circulation. In patients with HLHS, the left ventricle and the aorta are underdeveloped. The

using heart and lung interactions. He explained that mechanical ventilation produces cyclic changes left ventricular stroke volume due to inspiration and expiration induced changes in LV preload. It denotes preload dependency of left ventricle indirectly right ventricle. He also describes various limitations of respiration variations in SV for predicting fluid responsiveness. Guidet et al(2) conducted a study in sepsis patients to find haemodynamic efficacy and safety between 6%HES 130/0.4 vs 0

left side of the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle. The purpose of the mitral valve is to form a seal between these two chambers of the heart to prevent the back flow of blood. When blood enters the left side of the heart, it is oxygenated and enters through the pulmonary veins. The blood then travels through the left atrium; the bicuspid (mitral) valve then opens to let the blood flow down to the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, causing the mitral valve to close (preventing

(Revisionworld.com, 2017), these different stages are pictured in figure 11. During stage one the pressure in both ventricles decreases as they relax, the atrioventricular valves open slightly and blood is pumped through them due to a contraction of the atria. Blood is prevented from flowing backwards as the valves of the vena cava and pulmonary vein close. During stage two pressure in the ventricles increases

is a rare but very complex heart defect. This heart defect affects about 5 out of every 10,000 babies. TOF affects boys and girls equally. The four abnormalities include a large ventricular septal defect (also known as a VSD), pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding

flawed, oxygen deficient blood can flow directly from the right side of the heart and combine with oxygen-rich blood in the left side of the heart, or vice versa. Therefore oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the body to be lower than normal due to this case. Every person had a hole in the septum to allow blood from the right atrium to enter the left atrium as a child which seals after birth due to the pressure drop on the right

AORTIC STENOSIS Calcific or degenerative aortic valve disease is considered one of the most, if not the most, common valvular lesion encountered among elderly patients.( Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al.) In fact, as shown in the Helsinki Aging Study, 501 randomly selected people, men and women, in an age range from 75 to 86 underwent echocardiography. (Iivanainen AM, Lindroos M, Tilvis R, et al) The outcome of the research was that, the prevalence of critical aortic stenosis increased with age