Wittig reaction

Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine which antacid is the most effective at neutralising hydrochloric acid. Hypothesis: It is predicted that the tablet advertising ‘double strength’ will be the most effective at neutralising the hydrochloric acid – either ‘Mylanta’ or ‘Gaviscon’. Variables: Independent: The brands and types of antacid tablets as well as their weights will be the only independent variables in this prac. Dependent: The amount of hydrochloric acid poured into the antacid

elements had a reaction but potassium had a greater more rapid reaction than the others. This indicates that elements that are lower in the periodic group will have a faster and greater reaction. This is due to its decreased electronegativity where it is easier for that element to lose its valence electron and hence having a faster and greater reaction, as the last elements in group 1 have a greater atomic radius than the beginning elements of group 1. In all elements there was a reaction which created

bind to specific substrates. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They convert substrates to various molecules (products). Metabolic processes in the cells depend on enzyme catalysis. Therefore, enzymes are crucial in the cells.

Introduction:-. To natural science the substitution responses is the The greater part significant reactions, particularly Nucleophilic fragrant substitution responses the place nucleophile strike sure charge alternately incompletely certain accuse Concerning illustration it can so, it replaces An weaker nucleophile which after that gets to be An abandoning bunch. The remaining sure alternately incompletely certain particle gets a electrophile. The general type of the response is:. Nuc: + R-LG → R-Nuc

the slowest enzyme activity and the 1:3 dilution fell in between the undiluted one and the 1:9 dilution. This result showed that the undiluted enzyme converts the amylose at a faster rate. Increasing enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction because more active sites are available to bind to substrate and more enzymes will be colliding with substrate molecules (Berkson 1937). Thus, this allows the process of breaking down the amylose faster. In part B, the results show

The purpose of this lab was to use empirical evidence to determine the type of chemical change and be able to write these changes as balanced reactions. We found that 9 out of 16 reactions yielded precipitates and 1 had a color change (Cu(NO3)2 x KI). To set up this experiment, we combined different solutions in a well plate. 3 drops of Ca(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, and Zn(NO3)2 were put into wells A1 to A4, B1 to B4, C1 to C4, and D1 to D4 respectively. Next, 3 drops of KI, KOH, Na2C2O4, and Na2SO4

bioreducible modified-PAE: The obtained PAE polymer was synthesized by reacting neomycin with glycidyl ether at molar ratio of 1:2 as reported in detail by Rege et al. previously[14]. The modified bioreducible PAE(mPAE) was synthesized by a simple one step reaction with Traut’s reagent as described previously[15]. Briefly, 10g of PAE was dissolved in 1ml of ddH20 (Double distilled water) and was allowed to react with 1.85 g(5-times molar excess) of 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (IH) at room temperature for

substance (compound) are used to calculate the solubility product constant. If the solubility product constant vale is high then the substance is very soluble in an aqueous solution. The solubility product constant is denoted by Ksp, and for a common reaction: aA(s) ⇌ cC(aq)+dD(aq)T The Ksp= [C(aq)]c[D(aq)]d The concentration of the solid (aA) doesn’t contribute to the equilibrium constant because their concentration doesn’t change the expression of the equilibrium constant. Any change in their concentration

Introduction Enzymes serve important roles in the biological processes that are undertaken in human bodies. Enzymes are most important as their role as proteins which speed up chemical reactions in the body, which make them catalytic proteins (Agarwal, 2006). The unique structure of enzymes allows them to fit into a specific type of chemical, called a substrate (Robinson, 2006). The functionality of an enzyme is determined by its active site. The active site of an enzyme is the location on the enzyme

catalysts—substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Within this experiment, an enzyme called catalase was measured in two experiments and observed to determine the time required to make 10 mL of oxygen through a catalyzed breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. For experiment 1, the effect of varying substrate concentration on enzyme kinetics, we tested the hypothesis that the higher the substrate concentration, the slower the reaction will be. In experiment 2, the effect of temperature on