5htr2c Case Studies

I found that an America Latino’s are prone to illnesses such as COPD, diabetes, asthma and obesity. Diabetes and heart disease are great in Latinos then the non-Latin population is attributed to lifestyles difference such as the intake of fatty foods. It is very difficult to detect some illnesses due to their biological variations of individuals from the Latino communities. Some illnesses take time before they are detected and effectively treated and that is why there is no specific genetic disease associated with the Latino community. But research has been known to find cases of sickle

Friedman & Rosenman discovered that Type A behaviour is distinctly linked to CHD after a nine-year studying of over 3,200 male participants, between the ages of 39-59. They established that Type A behaviour enhances the person’s experience of stress and increases biological reactivity that increases vulnerability to CHD. The elevated levels of stress hormones suggest Type As do experience more stress than Type Bs. The stress reaction constrains digestion that leads to elevated levels of cholesterol (Friedman,

Over the past few years cardiovascular diseases have become the number one global cause of death. These diseases were first discovered 3,500 years ago with the Egyptians, and ever since then the causes have been pretty much the same. Although there are things that can be done to either increase or decrease the chances of getting heart disease. “Heart diseases describe a range of conditions that affect the heart” (Sheen 1). It can range from a myocardial infarction- a heart attack-, to a cerebral vascular disease, which is a disease of the blood vessels. Either way these diseases can impact the life of people in many negative aspects. Cardiovascular diseases have become the number one cause in global death due to the bad habits, diets, stress, and natural and chemical causes that the global population has.

The Health status of an individual could be defined as someone watching another and collecting data about a person and based on the information that were collected. Health status of an entire population would be to consider the health of a population, their life span, the extensiveness of preventable diseases or deaths and the availability of their health status (National Center for Health Statistics). The prevalent health situation of Hispanics are Diabetes, Heart diseases, stroke, liver diseases, cancer asthma, obesity and tobacco use. Heart disease is the main cause of death among all ethnic groups in the United States. Obesity and smoking being are of the risk factors for developing hypertension. Hispanic whites have higher rates of diabetes and obesity, whereas non-Hispanic whites have a

Latino Americans are the largest growing population in the United Stated and with the rising number of Latinos, we have also been seeing a disparity on health care especially in heart related conditions. Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States along with strokes and Latino Americans are at higher risks for coronary heart disease which accounts for 23.9 % of all deaths in the United States and heart disease is the nation's leading cause of death among Hispanic adults. In 2015, approximately 85.6 million or more which is greater than 1 in 3 adults in the United States are diagnosed with at least one type of coronary heart disease. Hispanic Americans are 8.3 % of the total number who have been diagnosed with some kind of coronary

Approximately 1 in 6 individuals are Hispanic in the United States, and the population is expected to grow to 1 in 4 by 2035 (CDC, 2015). Given that, Hispanics are the biggest minority group in the US (CDC, 2015). The leading cause of death among the Hispanic population is heart disease and cancer responsible for around 2 out of 5 deaths (CDC, 2015). Hispanics have a 50% greater chance of death resulting from diabetes or liver disease than whites (CDC, 2015). Additionally, there are 3 times as more uninsured Hispanics than whites (CDC, 2015). According to the US average, whites are 15 years older than the Latino population, so prevention will greatly benefit the health of the Latino population (CDC, 2015).

Although there are a few “race related” diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, the illnesses that are killing the minority population are environment related, like Coronary Heart Disease. In a study done by Alan Goodman, he cites four important points about race and genetics:

Hispanic Americans are considered the leading ethnic minority in the United States of America composing 17.4% or 55.4 million of the national population with calculations proposing an increase to 28.6% or 119 million by 2060 (Velasco-Mondragon, Jimenez, Palladino-Davis, Davis, & Escamilla-Cejudo, 2016). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015), Hispanic Americans primarily suffer from chronic diseases processes that primarily stem from obesity and uncontrolled high blood pressure that can lead to heart disease and cancer that as a result affect other organs. A study by Kim-Godwin & McMurry

Hispanics represents one of the most dramatic and important demographic trends affecting the United States (Escarce, Morales, & Rumbaut, 2006). Some common chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are some of the medical issues that plague the Hispanic community. Diabetes Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics have higher rates of Type 2 diabetes. Due to the higher prevalence of diabetes in Hispanics, the burden of complications attributable to diabetes is greater for Hispanics than for other groups (Escarce et al., 2006). Complications of

Their specific motivation, however, can be traced back to two significant gaps in the literature. According to their comprehensive review of the literature, Hamilton et al. found that the place of birth and the arrival cohort for Hispanic immigrants in the US have been largely neglected. "These migrants," they argue, "come from a diverse set of countries and have migrate to the United States under vastly different political, social and economic contexts, which could produce immense birth-country and arrival-cohort health variation among Hispanic immigrants, dimensions of health most previous studies ignore" (473). In addition to setting out to fill the aforementioned gaps, they also clearly present two major hypotheses that they intend on testing in their

At the beginning of their transition to America, new Latino immigrants, has the best overall health despite been considered the poorest group in the country. One example is of Amador Bernal, who has been in the U.S for almost 25 years and worked 7 days a week, have never been to a doctor once and doesn’t need to. However, as Latino immigrant adapt to the living condition in America, their health and culture deteriorate over time. According to the film after staying for 5 years in the U.S, data showed that Latino immigrants are 1.5 times more likely to have high blood pressure as well as other increases in chronic diseases compare to when they first arrive to the country (Unnatural Causes: Becoming American, 15:26-15:40).

Responding to the high risk of hypertension among the Hispanics requires certain changes in lifestyle to keep them safe. The lifestyle changes have been confirmed to reduce the chances of developing complications related to hypertension but Hispanics are faced with a number of hurdles which makes it hard for them to fully utilize these changes. Some of the major reasons making it hard for Hispanics to adopt lifestyle changes are; lack of suitable transport services to enable them access health care, language barriers when communicating with others and lack of the required health insurance coverage. Due to these factors, early diagnosis of the condition is not possible in this population and most of them will end up suffering the later consequences which are in most cases severe ("Hispanics and Heart Disease, Stroke", 2016).

Mexican American’s seem to have more traits that increase the risk of cardiovascular issues, (Winkleby) than white adults. According, to the article Mexican American are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to certain sub-factors. These factors contain an uncontrolled hypertension and being below the poverty line. Being below

In our book, it had mentioned that Mexican Americans are 1.7 times more likely to get type 2 diabetes than whites. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder and caused by high blood sugar and insulin resistance. Dietary factors can have an effect on developing type 2 diabetes as well. Mexican Americans have a higher carbohydrate diet than African Americans and whites. Type 2 diabetes can cause problems with kidney failure and diabetic retinopathy. The death rates for type 2 diabetes for Mexican Americans are 50 percent higher than for whites, Also the death rates are higher for Mexican Americans than any other hispanic group.

The effects of stress and heart disease is explained in a study Chida and Steptoe (2009), in which investigators looked at populations of people in healthy known areas, and assessed in total twenty five different studies. Anger and hostility has a positive relationship with coronary heart disease and was greater in men compared to women. Their findings also showed that individuals who had cardiac arrest and were resuscitated, twenty five percent admitted to feeling extremely stressed with work and family instances just twenty four hours before they had cardiac arrest. Daily activities that provoked moderate, acute stress demonstrated lower levels of blood supply to the hearts muscle. Deanfield et al. (1984)