The likeness test of Article III GATT should consider the aims and effects of any state measure. Critically discuss the above statement taking into account GATT panels and the decisions of the Appellate Body of the WTO. The World Trade Organisation (WTO), through the constitutionalisation of international economic agreements, pursues one main objective of liberalising commercial relations as well as providing an institutional framework for multilateral negotiations. The principal component of the organisation is its perpetual non-discriminating policy, which can be observed in its consensual process of decision making, emphasized even more by the “one member, one vote” rule applied therein. This paritious guideline is well illustrated by several non-discrimination rules contained in most of the agreements concluded under the organisation aegis. The principle of the National Treatment, as enounced in the article III:1 of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT), prevents the members of the organisation from distinguishing between national and import products once they have been assimilated to their domestic market. The purpose of this article as stated by the Panel in the US section 337 Case (1) is to “ensure that internal measures were not be applied to imported or domestic products so as to afford protection to domestic products.”. Consequently, to uncover and curb some potential protectionist measures, the WTO has developed the concept of likeness which is
Page 5 - 1.1 - Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing diversity
Following a policy that is written up and made everyone in the setting aware of ensures that everyone is included, made to feel safe and treated equal
All Public services organizations are bound to follow a range of policies and procedures, to ensure that they have a diverse workforce, such as:
* Equal opportunities – this sets out how the organisation ensures there is no discrimination in the work place
WTO: World Trade Organization deals with the global trading rules between international governments. The overall rules must be predictable enough so that everyone involved isn’t dealing with chaotic sudden changes.
“Implement and integrate a strict policy that makes employment discrimination of any type unacceptable in your workplace” (Heathfield, 2012).
This means that within my workplace each member of staff has to adhere to this legislation and ensure that everyone that comes into our building is treated with dignity and respect, they are not discriminated against in any way and everyone receives the correct level of treatment as and when needed.
1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practise relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity.
2.1 Identify the main principles of discrimination law in recruitment and selection and in employment.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that helps countries and producers of goods deal fairly and smoothly with conducting their business across international borders. It mainly does this through WTO agreements, which are negotiated and signed by a large majority of the trading nations in the world. The purpose of the WTO is to ensure that global trade commences freely, smoothly and predictably while also aiming to create economic peace and stability in the world through a multilateral system. This is based and applied to member states, currently 162 countries, that have consented and ratified the rules of the WTO in their individual countries. Simply put, these documents act as contracts that provide the legal framework for conducting business among nations, integrating into a country 's domestic legal system, therefore, applying to local companies and nationals in the conduct of business internationally. For instance, if a company were to open an office or business in a foreign country, the rules of the WTO dictates how that can be done.1
With the development of global economy, an increasing number of world trade issues more or less presented. Every year World Trade Organization (WTO) would receive various cases that could be trade dispute. In this case study, it will analyze the case of the US-Brazil cotton subsidy dispute upon following questions, and there is some background related to this case that will be presented first.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. The World Trade Organization exists to ensure that trade between nations flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. It provides and regulates the legal issues which governs world trade now .
“Any state or separate custom territory possessing autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and the other matters provided for in this agreement and the multilateral trade agreement may accede to this agreement on the terms to be agreed between it and the WTO”.