Lab 2
CSNB324
Muath Abdullah SN091649
Answer Q1:
Execv(): it is a prototype of exec family, v is added to indicate the type of argument which in this case specified as a vector (array of character pointers). The primary function of exec () system call is to execute a file or a program. This is done by creating a new process image from a regular, executable file.
This file is either an interpreter script or an executable file object. It has the form execv(char *path, char *argv[], char *envp[]). The path argument is the pathname of a file that contains the new program to be executed. The argv array is a list of parameter strings, and the envp array is a list of environment variable strings and values that should be used when the process begins executing the new programs. When a process encounters the execve() system call, the next instruction it executes will be the one at the entry point of the new executable file.
Execvp()
The created child process does not have to run the same program as the parent process does. The exec type system calls allow a process to run any program files, which include a binary executable or a shell script. On this page, we only discuss one such system call: execvp(). The execvp() system call requires two arguments: 1. The first argument is a character string that contains the name of a file to be executed.
2. The second argument is a pointer to an array of character strings. More precisely, its type is char
**, which is exactly identical to the
* This program is a MadLib. It asks the user for a file, opens it,
The Windows CLI command that is used to display the search path for the executable files is _____.
3.1) Output is 5 because in the child process value of the variable “value” is a copy of value(Unix assigns parent’s address space of the variable and gives it to child) and when parent process gets back the control, value will still be 5.
(TCO 13) When a file is opened in output mode, the file pointer is positioned _____.
Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or more command lines contained in a file. Make the file executable and give the name of the file as a command: The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command individually.
While the command is executing, the shell waits for the process to finish. Or sleeps
Volume Boot Code - This is a small block of program code that instructs the system on how to load the operating system
Forking is slow and inefficient under Amoeba. This is because when a new process is started it will usually be started on a different processor from the parent process. The idea of copying the text of a totally irrelevant program to another processor is inefficient in the context of a distributed system. Therefore there is a routine called newproc which can be used to start a new process more efficiently than with fork and exec.
Austin, Scott E. Breach, and Gurindar S. Sohi [1]. The idea here is to augment the pointer representation in memory with the bounds of the pointer’s target. Spatial safety is enforced by checking these bounds whenever a pointer is dereferenced. These fat pointers consist of the following parameters, value: The value of the safe pointer; it may contain any expressible address., base and size: The base address of the referent and its size in bytes, storageClass: The storage class of the allocation, either Heap, Local, or Global., capability: When dynamic variables are created, either through explicit storage allocation (e.g., calls to malloc()) or through procedure invocations (i.e., a procedure call creates the local variables in the stack frame of the procedure), a unique capability is issued to that storage allocation.
Types of Execution: Here in this VHDL coding there are two types of executions that are used in it. Dataflow type and Behavioral type. The Dataflow is executed using the Boolean expressions and the signals that are given as inputs and outputs. In Behavioral type processing of signals takes place inside the statement. In this signals are simulated in sequential order.
In windows almost every file require the use of extension in order for the system to function.
Actual parameters are the values—expressions specified within parentheses as a parameter list—when a call is made to the module.
Furthermore, it allows you to run such lists of commands such that you pass in data
“Name_of_file” - It refers to the name of register file. The register files are stored in the BASCOM-AVR application directory with .DAT extension. The register file holds information about the chip such as the internal registers and interrupts addresses. Since we are using Atmega16 Microcontroller, we will define
Instructions executed by a processor, in general, are of the types: load, store, move, add, compare or jump; a collection of which forms the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of any microprocessor. A jump is a control flow instruction, which can be broadly divided into two categories: (a) Conditional Branch (CB) and (b) Unconditional Branch (UB). Based on a run-time condition, CBs can be further classified as Forward CBs (FCBs), also called a forward jump, where the Program Counter (PC) is changed so as to point to an address ahead of the current position in the instruction stream; and Backward CBs (BCBs), a backward jump, where the PC is changed to point backward in the instruction stream. This is pictorially shown below in Fig.1 and Fig.2, respectively.