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A Day Of Fruits And Vegetable Intake

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1.0 Introduction

Five portions a day of fruits and vegetable intake is encouraged due to the crucial role of fruits and vegetables in preventing diseases. Vaccinium genus (family Ericaceae), as known as good source of polyphenols, have been investigated health promoting properties for decades. The nutrients in Vaccinium berries include water, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, sugars, vitamin C, folate, vitamin A, vitamin K, and minerals(1). Polyphenols are the potential bioactive compounds(BAC) in Vaccinium berries, such as phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, tannins, and especially, anthocyanins, which is a major class of flavonoids(2–7).

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush blueberry …show more content…

Five flavonoid classes, including anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins, independently have an inverse relationship with CVD mortality(19). Similarly, a 18 years follow-up study indicate that a high dietary intake of anthocyanins, which may reduce the myocardial infarction(MI) risk in young female after multivariate adjustment(20). Blueberries combined with strawberries were found to decrease the risk of MI comparing with those rarely intake of these two fruits(20). Moreover, plenty of clinical studies investigating the effects of Vaccinium berries, used as a source of anthocyanins, focus on the changing of lipid profiles, vascular function, blood pressure, and nitric oxide after Vaccinium berries intervention.

2.1 lipid profile

Virtually clinical studies provided the evidence that Vaccinium berries ameliorate dyslipidemia. However, except Habanova and colleagues found after 42 days bilberry(froze-stored) intake, there was a significant decrease of triacylglycerol(TG) (P80%), which suggest that heterogeneity plays an important role on variability(38,39). Therefore, it is worth to mention that since different dose, form of Vaccinium berries, duration, characteristics of participants, uncharacterized bioactive compounds, and study designs among these studies, rigorous evidence is needed.

2.2 Lipid Peroxidation

Besides dyslipidemia with raised

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