tion. Therefore, Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks that need to target specic IP address(es) and other types of attacks against node 's privacy can occur.
In this paper a new version of MTM6D (MTM6D II) is presented to resolve the above shortcomings. Further- more, a suggestion is proposed to prevent black hole at- tacks, as a part of DoS attacks (in which a compromised router on the path between two hosts discards packets instead of forwarding them) and bandwidth depletion
DDoS attacks (that only need the subnet ID instead of the exact IPv6 address of a target). A method is also presented to recover the communication after rebooting a host.
The proposed method (MTM6D II) is designed to meet the below requirements:
{ Static IP address is
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As the re- sult, the proposed method does not depend on a specic algorithm or key size for encryption, authentication, and key distribution. This portability feature helps us to implement this method for dierent applications like small low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For example, the choice of cryptographic algorithms is left to negotiation steps of IKEv2 to select an algorithm that both parties support.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.
Over the next two sections, an overview of the related work and some details of Mobile IPv6 are provided.
Then the proposed solution and results of testing with a prototype implementation are presented. Finally, some conclusions are oered and the future work is discussed.
2 Related Work
This section includes a brief review of previous MTD- based methods that protect servers against remote at- tacks. Also, some of the limitations of these methods are discussed.
Some cloud-based defense methods were presented in [8], [9], and [10] for Internet services against DDoS attacks. These solutions were based on performing se- lective server replication and intelligent client reassign- ment, where the victimized servers were turned into moving targets in order to isolate attack. The attacked server instances are replaced with new replicas at dier- ent network locations and subsequently the clients are migrated to the new server instances. The new locations are only known to clients that have been
With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), as a worthy tool to phase out and supplant IPv4 over the coming years. There is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech savvy global population. The new protocol aims to effectively support the ever-expanding Internet usage and functionality, and also address security concerns.
The purpose of this study will be to develop adequate security strategies and best practices as a guide to add to the knowledge base of current literature on IoT devices. The current research literature on the internet of things indicates that the number of attacks against IoT devices are on the rise. The number of potential attackers is growing at an alarming rate because of the number of IoT devices that are joined to network every day (Abomhara and Kien, 2015). Tools are available to those same potential attackers are much more sophisticated that they have ever been. (p. 66). This study will provide valuable information to IT leaders, service providers, vendors and IoT manufactures.
The Internet Protocol (IP) has some vulnerability that can be exploited to transfer information along the network by being anonymous. Some attempts have been made using IPv4 but now since IPv6 is the new mode of network the challenge is to design it to fit the new trend.
IPv6 uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) to find the MAC address. NDP manages interaction between nodes via message exchanges. These messages provide the data necessary for the processes of host auto configuration and packet transmission on a local link. Host auto configuration involves separate tasks of Parameter discovery, address auto configuration and duplicate address detection. Packet discovery is facilitated through router discovery process. It obtains the necessary parameters required for host configuration. Duplicate address detection is used to detect the presence of duplicate addresses on the same link. Packet transmission process requires data which can be obtained by router discovery, prefix discovery, address resolution, neighbor
Cyber attacks of a nature similar to the DoS attack are a real threat to the operations of any networked system. Prudent planning and preparation can help the organization to minimize the impact of these potentially damaging attacks. The following recommendations can help the company transform from a level where such attacks could cause a total system shutdown to a level where such attacks could cause a slight inconvenience:
With the rapidly approaching global shortage of IPv4 addresses, the current version of Internet Protocol is slowly getting into its limitation of address space and its insufficient security features. IPv6 is the next generation of IP addressing. Used on the internet and on many LANs and WANs that is designed to meet the shortage of IPv4. When IPv4 (a 32-bit system) can have approximately 4 billion total theoretical addresses, while on the other hand, IPv6 (128-bit) can have a total of 340 undecillion theoretical addresses; a far greater total. Various limitation of the system will drastically reduce that number, but the remaining result is still
In an age where every sophisticated industry relies on computer systems and data centers for its operations, any kind of vulnerabilities in such system might provide an opportunity for exploitation to someone with an inappropriate intention. The constant threat of digital breach and exploitation gave birth to the field of Cyber Security, which is the field of technology dedicated to protecting computer devices and information systems from unintended or unauthorized access to the software, hardware or the information they hold. It also involves preventing disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.
Upgrading from the ageing IPv4 to the newer IPv6 is relatively impossible considering the vast size of the current Internet and number of current IPv4 users. Many organizations that are dependent on the Internet cannot tolerate the downtime for the sudden replacement of the IP protocol. While IPv6 is not yet widely implemented in the public, the productive IPv6 Internet network is operational and developing more in use. All modern operating systems (OS) are currently supporting the IPv6 capabilities. There are also a small number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that provide native IPv6 connectivity to their customers. And it is easy for anyone to obtain an IPv6 connection because of the abundance of available IPv6 tunnel brokers.
The migration to IPv6 has started already, but it is still in its early stages. The current IPv4-based Internet is so large and so complex that the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 is not as easy as the transition from NCP network to TCP/IP in 1983. One of the most important concepts that should be deliberately weighed is, How to protect the investment that already exists and reduce the negative influence on users and ISPs during the transition process. Certainly, the research on IPv6 transition is of vital importance for the success of IPv6 protocol and the future of the Internet.
Back-end IT systems from the gateway, middleware, which has high-security requirements, and gathering, examining sensor data in real-time or pseudo real-time to increase business intelligence. The security of IoT system has seven major standards viz; privacy protection, access control, user authentication, communication layer security, data integrity, data confidentiality and availability at any time.
The Internet even more concern is the safety. If this work is to migrate to the "incipient" IPv6, the controversy over the safety in the middle of the IPv4 users is hope to solve the quandaries, and along with other constraint. For the present work, we additionally experience traditional three-layer protocols, which include scanners, the denial of accommodation attacks, man in the middle attacks or what the content of the protocol or application. In a series of nine different scenarios, proves that he from this study has several IPv6 only network implemented in the CCENT laboratory at Syracuse University. Both issues is documented and described. The Conclusions and recommendations reviews at the terminus.[10]
Powerful discovery of DoS attacks is indispensable to the gatekeeper of online administrations. Deal with DoS assault location to a great extent concentrates on the development of system based discovery instruments. Discovery frameworks in light of these systems watch activity convey over the ensured systems. These components free the ensured online servers on or subsequent to observing assaults and verify that the servers can contribute themselves to present quality administrations with minimum postponement accordingly. Besides,
Abstract—Internet of Things (IoT) nodes create vulnerabilities exposed to malicious software attacks. Thus, security is necessary to maintain growth in the IoT technology. This paper will focus on the use of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) as a digital authenticator for use in the IoT. Although ECDSA improves security, it comes at the cost of computational complexity in comparison to authentication methods that use ciphers that are symmetric or simple hashes. This complexity often causes significant limitations in devices applied in the IoT, where resources are restricted. This paper will mainly focus on speed and memory performances, and will briefly cover other constraints such as power consumption and size when applicable.
In traditional data centers, where system administrators have full control over the host machines, vulnerabilities can be detected and patched by the system administrator in a centralized manner. However, patching known security holes in cloud data centers, where cloud users usually have the privilege to control software installed on their managed VMs, may not work effectively and can violate the Service Level Agreement (SLA). Furthermore, cloud users can install vulnerable software on their VMs, which essentially contributes to loopholes in cloud security. The challenge is to establish an effective vulnerability/attack detection and response system for accurately identifying attacks and minimizing the impact of security breach to cloud users. In [2], M. Armbrust et al. addressed that protecting ”Business continuity and services availability” from service outages is one of the top concerns in cloud computing systems. In a cloud system where the infras- tructure is shared by potentially millions of users, abuse and nefarious use of the shared infrastructure benefits attackers to exploit vulnerabilities of the cloud and use its resource to deploy attacks in more efficient ways [3]. Such attacks are more effective in the cloud environment