On 7th March 1972, the Daily Telegraph [1] published the news that 500 bottles of 5% dextrose drip-feed solution were urgently traced by the Department of Health since they may have been contaminated. Five patients, four men, and a woman died at the Devonport hospital in Plymouth between 29th February and 2nd March. The common factor among these patients was each had been given infusions of the 5% dextrose fluid manufactured by Evans Medical Ltd., of Speke, Liverpool. The dextrose solution is used by intravenous injection for patients who cannot eat including post-operative patients. The suspect batch coded D1192/C, originally consisting approximately 660 bottles, was manufactured in May 1971 by Evans Medical. A joint statement was issued …show more content…
With steam continuously entering the autoclave from the top, the air inside the autoclave would be displaced. When the displacement finishes, all the contents in the autoclave would reach and be held at the required temperature, giving the satisfactory sterilisation cycle. There are six autoclaves in the Transfusion Unit at Evans Medical, each consists of a pressure gauge and a dial thermometer at the top and a recording thermometer with an inserted recorder sensor in the condensate drain. There was evidence given by the autoclave operator and supervisor that occasionally the temperature recorders of autoclaves numbers 4, 5, and 6 either show a temperature below 240 or fail to indicate any rise above the baseline from about December 1970. When this happened, technicians were called to inspect the autoclaves. Normally, the recorder would work again and the sterilising cycle will be continued. On most of the occasions, the technician advised the supervisor that the temperature recorder was broken but the supervisor ignored his advice and continued using the autoclaves. In fact, the manager of the Transfusion Unit had requested for replacement of all six recorders but the request was not followed up. In consequence, in the event of the recorder not functioning, the staff continued the production if the dial thermometer and the pressure gauge were working properly and indicating correct temperature and pressure.
On 6th April 1971, a batch of 5% dextrose
According to, http://www.toxicology.org/gp/fda.asp, the Society of Toxicology website, in 1937 the Massengill pharmaceutical company dispersed Elixir Sulfanilamide. This drug was prescribed generally to anyone who had symptoms of strep throat. Elixir Sulfanilamide contains diethylene glycol, which is a chemical equivalent of antifreeze. There were 107 documented deaths, involving many children, because of the lack in regulations. The Pure Food and Drug Act was deemed to insufficient to protect the public. This tragedy was the critical motivation for the creation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Sterilization is a heating system that prevents the spread of diseases. To run the steam sterilizer, the technician will need an attest pack. An attest pack is a steam plus a test pack. It is designed to routinely change the steam sterilization process in healthcare facilities. The attest pack is placed on the bottom of the sterilizer autoclave rack along with the instruments. Each test pack has a process indicator on the outside that changes from yellow to dark brown when it is steamed and processed. The indicator is incubated for three hours after sterilization is complete. This procedure is recorded and proves that the sterilization was not compromised. The steam sterilizer runs for one hour at a temperature of two hundred and seventy degrees
equipment and substances inside. To balance a centrifuge, it was important to note that if one test
send both the bags of blood to the lab per protocol. I hung a new bag of 0.9%
Introduction: Since 2001, compounded drugs have caused more than 1,000 illnesses, and 87 deaths in the United States (cite 1). All of these unfortunate incidents were caused by errors during the manufacturing of compounded drugs, and in most cases, because of contamination. On the 25th of September 2013, the Drug Quality and Security Act, also known as H.R. 3204, was introduced, and three days later, was passed by the House of Representatives. On the 18th of November, this Act cleared the Senate. On the 27th of September, 2013, President Barack Obama signed the Drug Quality and Security Act into law (cite 2).
The project aim was to propose the adaptation of a humidification device to offer comfort to patients who are on high flow oxygen therapy; and to provide in-service trainings to clinical staff. Fisher & Paykel humidifiers were chosen in the proposal as the company provides excellent support for staff; and my past experience has assured me that the equipment is reliable and simple to use for nurses.
Volume 2 Diseases Alphabetic index diseases table of drugs chemicals and alphabetical index to causes of injury and poisoning and volume 3 means index to procedure tabular
The film that I am reviewing, title “The Poisoner’s Handbook,” is based on Deborah Blums best-selling book, of the same title, which reflects on the most notorious cases between the years of 1918 and 1959 that were handled by Charles Norris, the chief medical examiner for New York City, also known and described by his peers as “the father of forensic toxicology in America,” and Alexander Oscar Gettler, toxicologist with the Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, such as the fatal radium poisoning of the factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint at the Orange, New Jersey watch factory around the year 1917 and other cases that involve dangerous poisons, like arsenic, methanol, lead, carbon monoxide, denatured alcohol, radium and thallium. Their renowned work led to tougher regulations by the government and the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. The film depicts how the average American’s medicine cabinet, in the early 1900s, was a treasure chest of dangerous poisons that could make you ill, put you in a coma, and even kill you. These poisons were readily found in health tonics, depilatory creams, teething medicine, and cleaning supplies.
These potentially infectious items need to be dealt with as soon as possible to reduce the risk of cross contamination and infection (HSE 2011). Standard precautions and principles must be adhered to, not only to protect the patient but also to protect members of the team who care for them.
Aspartame has now been on the market for many years and most people seemingly haven’t had adverse reactions. Or have they? Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. warns that many people don’t notice of the serious symptoms because “they’re more resistant to the obvious toxic effects, but they’re still getting very subtle toxic effects that over many years is going to produce obvious disease in those persons.” However, some people have had more direct, severe reactions. For example, FDA officials have estimated that only 1% of toxic reactions are likely to get reported and the agency received reports of 7,000 toxic reactions with aspartame from 1982 until 1995. In fact, there were likely more official reports of toxicity, but we can’t be sure to the extent. After all, Congress found out in 1987 that the FDA had been transferring aspartame toxicity calls to the AIDS Hotline.
The Oxyglobin and Hemopure substitutes developed by Biopure have an advantage over blood transfusions in many areas including blood type matching, universality in terms of donating, such as O+ blood recipients. The blood substitutes also had a much longer storage life of 2 years as opposed to the 6-week storage life of transfused blood. Furthermore, with the rise of diseases such as AIDS and increasing public concern about the same, blood substitutes also helped mitigate that risk. Baxter International and Northfield Laboratories-products sourced their blood substitutes from human blood whereas, Biopure sourced it from animal blood, cattle in particular. This put them in a better position than their competitors. Also Biopure’s Hemopure and Oxyglobin did not require refrigeration unlike its competitor’s products.
Since the perception of patient safety has arisen, many medical organizations were striving to improve medication safety. Emory Healthcare, the largest and most comprehensive health care system in Georgia, was one of them who were seeking ways to prevent medication errors. In recent years, some
Imagine being admitted to the hospital and being denied your right to have food and water. While it is known that adequate fluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstrated that artificial nutrition provides higher risk of medical complications, increased pain, and false hope of health recovery to these patients. Professionals have to be mentally and physically prepared to explain to families the pros and cons of artificial nutrition so that together they can arrive to the best ethical decision for each patient (Brody, Hermer, Scott, Grumbles, Kutac, & McCammon, 2011). For Family and consumer science professionals such as dietetic students provide support to solve this problem when an ethical educational background is incorporated into their major (Hira,1996).
an unknown suspect put 65 milligrams of deadly cyanide into Tylenol capsules. It was assumed