A Research Study On Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )

Children with ASD develop differently from other children. They must overcome challenges in interacting and communicating with others. These challenges can affect their development, learning and future trajectories of their lives. This diagnosis is particularly difficult on low income families and minority groups as well as for parents with low educational attainment and those living in rural areas who may not have the financial means, suitable knowledge or access to resources to care for their children’s needs.

ASDs are chronic conditions that begin in childhood and have potential to affect outcomes into adulthood. Primarily, ASDs are neurodevelopmental disorders. They are characterized by heterogeneous severity of the core impairments (social interaction, communication, behavioral). Their other symptoms include language delay and intellectual disability. Although ASDs have not been reported to be completely cured, the evidence-based interventions have been reported to improve the core impairments and their other symptoms. However, because of the expense associated with behavioral interventions, financing these evidence-based interventions to improve outcomes for children with ASDs has often been the subject of debate. In fact, to improve access to behavioral interventions for children with ASDs, several states have passed mandates. Additionally, evidence suggests improvement in insurance coverage for children with ASDs after the passage of mandate. Therefore, economic evaluation of evidence-based interventions for children with ASDs can contribute to development and dissemination of best practice standards, and also support policies to ensure access to effective

Transitioning to adulthood can be an extremely hard time for individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adulthood brings about new responsibilities and many lifestyle changes that can not be made smoothly unless the individual has been pushed to develop and grow properly, and given the opportunity to thrive. Families often succumb to the stress of trying to raise a child with a disability, which can lead to abuse, neglect, and overall lack of care of the individual. There tends to be a higher divorce rate among families with ASD. In fact, the divorce rate is five times higher than those families with “normal” childhood development (Van Hecke, 2010). This can be due to the added stress ASD can cause on the family. Added stress can come from confusing, often contradicting interventions that doctors often recommend to the family. On average, children with ASD are put through seven different intervention programs at one time, which clearly puts financial strain on most families (Magro, 2016). Sibling relationships also tend to deteriorate over time as they get older and are not able to keep bonds

Studies has shown that as an individual diagnosed with ASD grows they have an significantly increased risk of developing medical and psychiatric disorders which is contributed from the biological make-up of the individual (perkins et al, 2012) including dyslipidaemia gastrointestinal problem epilepsy hearing and visual impairments asthma hypertension heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. and autoimmune conditions throughout a varied age group (Croen et al, 2014).

Labels can negatively impact a person with ASD, and the lack of knowledge and experience with ASD have caused stigmatization. Until

This paper will cover many aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder, also commonly known as ASD. It will identify reginal, national and global statistics of the occurrence of ASD, predisposing factors, usual signs and symptoms of ASD, and tests used for diagnosis. It will also analyze both medical, surgical and psychosocial aspects of the care needed by patients with ASD, interdisciplinary interventions, comorbidities commonly associated with Autism, and the prognosis of these patients. Lastly it will identify several implications for best nursing practice and interventions that may be helpful in the care of these patients.

The first resource (Appendix A) is an information page entitled ‘What is Asperger Syndrome’ and particularly focusses on the medical/deficit model of disability, a model which involves identifying symptoms, diagnosing a disease or a deficit and prescribing appropriate treatment (E214, Unit 2, p. 47). This resource is aimed at people who have been diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, for parents whose

Moreover, recent genetic studies revealed that hundreds of de novo and recurrent mutations significantly increase the risk for ASDs(2, 4-6, 18-33). Given the heterogeneity of symptoms and genetic risks of ASDs, the idea of designing a “one-size-fits-all” approach for ASD patients probably is unrealistic.

After knowing of the diagnosis parents go through a process of denial and uncertainty that leads to high level of distress after knowing of the diagnosis .These feelings increments as they realized how limited is their knowledge of their child’s condition. Among the issues that parents encounter is understanding the disorder, with so much information at hand is difficult to choose which information is reliable. Lack of access to appropriate information, both early on and as the child ages, is a significant barrier to adjustment for families with a child with ASD (Mitchell & Sloper,2002; Russa, Matthews, & Owen-DeSchryver, 2014; Turnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, & Soodak, 2006). Reaching out for professional assistance allows for them to get access

The article by Chiri & Warfield (2012) address the issue of unmet health care need of children with ASD through determining “four core health care service (routine preventative care, speciality care, therapy services and mental health care)” (p. 1082) and two kinds of problems related to health and provider access. The authors of this article used the Behavioral Model of Health Services to further apprehend why children with ASD have a do not receive the health care that they need. This model has three sets of classification which include predisposing, enabling and need. Predisposing is a classification that identifies the child’s demographic information such as their age, language, race, gender, and ethnicity. Enabling is more about the capacity of the family

ASD is a neurological disorder, and children who are diagnosed as autistic are often considered to have a severe disability, but the range of ability within this syndrome is broad (Westling & Fox, 2000). ASD affects one in sixty-eight children and boys are four times more likely than girls to have this disorder. Characteristics of this disorder can vary from mild to severe and may include the following characteristics: communication problems, for example, with the use or comprehension of language, difficulty relating to people, things, and

This issue is sometimes referred to as the “broader” ASD phenotype (Regehr and Feldman, 237-238).

Participants were 493 parents of children with ASD, at ages3 to 21 years old. Most parents ranged in age from 22 to 72 years. Using a qualitative content analysis, 15 negative themes and 9 positive themes were identified. Five main themes were identified: Stress;

Throughout the past six weeks, I have learned about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Each person you meet with ASD has different characteristics. Some examples of these characteristics include: difficulty telling lies, difficulty talking to strangers, and possessing a special talent. It's important to understand these characteristics because it can help a neurotypical person with being aware of what is going through their head.

Autism have been recognized as in existence since the 1940s but only in recent years it has been recognised under the standardized psychiatric diagnostic classification schemes. It is not unusual for people with ASD to be at risk of displaying challenging behaviours which could lead to offending behaviours, however, on the other hand they can also be at lower risk as they find rules helpful in surviving in the social world. This paper will look at what is ASD, studies on ASD individuals and offending behaviours, explanations on the outcomes of the studies and conclusion on these findings.