Acids And Bases Lab Report

10. A pH scale describes the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. 0 to 6.9 indicates an acidic solution, 7.1 to 14 indicates an alkaline solution, and 7 indicates a neutral solution.

To start out this study the difference between acids and bases has to be identified. Acids have very low pHs and have a high concentration of hydronium ions, while bases have a high pH and have a high concentration of hydroxide ions. The difference between strong bases and acids, and weak bases and acids is the amount of dissociation. Strong bases and acids dissociate a large amount and let go of their ions in solution, while weak bases and acids may only let go of some of their ions. This is important because if the unknown solutions aren’t strong acids or bases then using their ions to calculate the pH of the solutions will give false results (Diffen 2012).

Three grams of a mixture containing Benzoic Acid and Naphthalene was obtained and placed in 100 ml beaker and added 30 ml of ethyl acetate for dissolving the mixture. A small amount (1-2 drops) of this mixture was separated into a test tube. This test tube was covered and labelled as “M” (mixture). This was set to the side and used the following week for the second part of lab. The content in the beaker was then transferred into separatory funnel. 10 ml of 1 M NaOH added to the content and placed the stopper in the funnel. In the hood separatory funnel was gently shaken for approximately one minute and vent the air out for five seconds. We repeated the same process in the same manner one more time by adding 10ml of 1M NaOH.

Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and strong acids can be as much as 10 orders of magnitude. Strong acids dissociate more completely than weak acids, meaning they produce higher concentrations of the conjugate base anion (A-) and the hydronium cation (H30+) in solution.

pH is also known as a measure of hydrogen ions in a solution. A hydrogen ion is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom being split from its electron. Studying the pH of different types of soil being placed in a control group such as tap water will represent the acidity or alkalinity of the matter. The pH scale begins at 0 and goes all the way up to 14, pH 7 being its neutral point, which isn’t acidic or basic. A neutral point on the acidic scale is in the middle, anything lower than the neutral point (7), is acidic, and anything higher than the neutral point is considered basic or “alkaline”.

Bases are a substance with a pH higher than 7, and have a high concentration of hydroxyl ions. Bases can react with acids in order to neutralise them in order to form salt and water. Bases are normally metal oxides or metal hydroxides. Sodium hydroxide for example is a base.

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

Introduction: The concentration of Hydrogen Ions in a substance is its pH. Hydrogen Ions (H+), and Hydroxide Ions (OH-) are formed when an electron jumps from one H2O atom to another. When a Hydrogen Ion is in an aqueous solution (a solutions with water as the solvent) it bond with an H2O atom creating H3O also known as Hydronium. A substance with more Hydrogen Ions than Hydroxide Ion is called a base. A substance with more Hydroxide Ions than Hydrogen Ions is called an acid. This can be seen on the pH scale below (Figure 1). A pH scale shows the number of Hydrogen

An acid is a chemical substance that typically has a corrosive or sour-taste and turns litmus paper red. It has a pH of below 7 and can generally dissolve some metals or even neutralize alkalis. A base on the other hand, is the opposite. They have a bitter taste and are very aqueous. Their pH rating is above 7 and they turn litmus paper blue. In science, pH is the negative log of the activity of the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution. Basically, we find the pH of a substance by using a testing strip or litmus paper to see the amount of H+ atoms in it. Litmus paper, a common indicator, is used to easily test the pH level of a substance. We can see how acidic or basic a substance is by comparing it to others on a pH scale. A pH scale ranges from 0-14, the most acidic being 0 and most basic being 14. Lemon juice, for example, has a pH of 2 meaning its very acidic. However, average dish soap has a pH of 7-8. The only thing left is a pH level of exactly 7. A pH of 7 is perfectly neutral, not acidic or

pH is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration. It measures rather the solution is acid, base, or neutral.

The purpose of this virtual lab is to observe the acid-base balance in the urinary system by how PCO2 and blood pH affect the H+ and HCO3- in the urine. The renal compensation is a mechanism that shows the kidneys manage to change pH in correct way if the respiratory system is not healthy. The kidneys are two organs that help remove wastes and extra fluids out of the body. The acid-base balance is when the blood need to keep the balance of

The pH of a solution is the measure of the concentration of charged Hydrogen ions in that given solution. A solution with a pH lower than seven is considered to be acidic. A solution with a higher pH is a base. It is very important for organisms to maintain a stable pH. Biological molecules such as proteins function only at a certain pH level and any changes in pH can result in them not functioning properly. To maintain these constant pH levels, buffer solutions are used. A buffer solution can resist change to small additions of acids or base’s. A good buffer will have components that act like a base, and components that act like an acid.

In 1909 S.P.L. Sorensen published a paper in Biochem Z in which he discussed the effect of H1+ ions on the activity of enzymes. In the paper he invented the term pH to describe this effect and defined it as the -log[H1+ ]. In 1924 Sorensen realized that the pH of a solution is a function of the "activity" of the H1+ ion not the concentration and published a second paper on the subject. A better definition would be pH=-log[aH1+ ], where aH1+ denotes the activity of the H1+ ion. The activity of an ion is a function of many variables of which concentration is one. It is unfortunate that chemistry texts use a definition for pH that has been obsolete for over 50 years.

3) Give one example of a weak acid and explain why it called a weak acid.

The acidity of a chemical is determined by how concentrated the chemical is with Hydrogen ions. This is describe in an example Loses H Gains H Alkaline solution Acidic Solution NH CHRCOO ç NH CHRCOO è NH CHRCOOH Overall Negative charge "Zwitterion" Overall Positive charge lost H so makes solution No change gained H so makes solution more acidic.