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Addiction: Causes and Treatment

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Much attention, from the public as well as medical and legal communities, is focused on addictions to alcohol, prescription drugs, and illegal substances. These addictions can be very dangerous to the addicts and often to the people around them. Food addiction does not seem to be in the same class as these other addictions after all, everyone needs to eat. However, new studies show that food can indeed be an addiction for some people, and as dangerous to their health as if they abused alcohol or drugs. Food addiction can lead to obesity, with which a number of other medical conditions can be associated, including diabetes and heart disease. As of 2010, the Centers for Disease Control estimated that 69.9 percent of Americans were overweight or obese (Fortuna, 2012, p. 56). While there are a number of factors contributing to obesity, including biological, genetic, and environmental causes, psychological factors such as addiction also play a role.
Ramifications of obesity have been long recognized by health care professions, but there is no clinically recognized definition of food addiction. Mental health researchers at Yale University applied traditional criteria for substance abuse to eating and obesity and found striking similarities (Liebman, 2012). There remains considerable debate about classifying nonsubstance addictions, with some mental health professionals suggesting that these are behavioral disorders rather than disorders with neurobiological causes.

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