Adhd Psychopathology

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it 's a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children with ADHD may develop emotional, social, developmental, academic, and family problems because of the frustrations and problems they are constantly experiencing. (Shea)

The medical world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that 's as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn-up regular and maintain to treat a growing number of ailments. Around the corner of each and every block is a drugstore as well as their shelves are stocked with prescription drugs plus it looks they 're here to stay. Most frequently we change to

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has been a diagnosis that has become controversial over the past few decades, but even more alarming is the treatment used to control this disorder and the possible lifelong effects this medication might have on them as adults. There is some school of thought that kids who are prescribed ADHD medications as children could have substance abuse issues later in life as they have an additional risk of addiction linked to the disorder, not to the treatment. The stimulant medication utilized to treat ADHD may have some long term effects on the child’s brain by changing the levels of neurotransmitters, the brain adapts to the medication so continuous updates and changes need to be made, stimulant

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (“ADHD”) is a common childhood disorder that represents developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. It occurs in 3% to 5% of the school age population as stated by (Craighead, Craighead, Kazdin & Mahoney, 1994). Another author (Barkley, 1981) stated that ADHD occurs in at least one child in every classroom. As a result of these statistics, ADHD has become one of the most commonly referred and heavily studied psychological disorders of childhood. Studies show that about 50-60% of children with ADHD in the age range of five to seven years are hostile and defiant. By the

Many students face a common enemy, time. While others are proficient in keeping a balanced and tidy schedule. Some students crack under the pressure and believe that there is just not enough time in the day to complete everything they wish to, whether that be studying for exams, or completing assignments. In some cases the condition of procrastination is self-induced but for others the struggle to stay focused is a real medical ordeal. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD is one out of two of the neurobehavioral disorders that inhibits an individual from focusing on one task at a time. According to fusion.nets article What Adderall does to your brain In the US alone roughly 6.4 million kids and 10 million adults suffer from ADHD. Adderall, Concerta, Vyvanse and Ritalin are just a few of the prescription based stimulant amphetamines pharmaceutical companies have made available to help treat ADHD and ADD disorders alike. Although provided as a stimulant for medical purposes, Adderall has been said to have become a common drug among many college campuses. However, given the benefits of the stimulant many disregard the risk factors associated with the drug itself, a rise in abuse is just one concern when discussing the use of stimulants. In this paper I will discuss Adderall, briefly on its history, its intended use, campus abuse and how it affects the body.

The qualifications are being changed which in turn increase the rates. However, the main reason so many incorrect readings of ADHD occur is because of when people begin to get tested for ADHD. Nowadays, children are tested as early 6 years old (preschool/kindergarten). The difficulty in doing that is misreading a behavior that is simply common in a 6 year old and tagging the child with ADHD. Usually the central behaviors in relation to ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These terms are often used when describing a child’s behavior. As most people know, children are usually hyper, disorderly, and undisciplined. These behaviors that are considered as signs of ADHD are often confused with natural youthfulness. In the findings of studies conducted in New Zealand, Canada, Germany, and the UK show a prevalence rate of 3% to 7%, similar to the US. A notable fact came in the difference in children diagnosis of ADHD. Prevalence rates climbed up to 12% in six to twelve year olds. The jump in rates between children and the average population show the enormous amount of children being diagnosed. To quantify whether or not children are just experiencing early childhood or actual symptoms of ADHD, a Swedish research screened 422 first graders for signs of ADHD. The screening was a standard ten-point questionnaire (conners 10-item scale) and three years later they checked the kids’

In discussions of ADHD, one controversial topic has been the possible over- or under- diagnosis of patients with ADHD symptoms. In her article, Diagnosis is Key to Helping Kids With ADHD, Tanya E. Froehlich insists that the medical community must open up its doors to diagnoses to less privileged patients so that they may receive the appropriate treatment and diagnosis for their current state. Dimitri Christakis, however, argues that while ADHD is certainly a problem in current society, ADHD exists on a spectrum, and therefore cannot be separated into clear black and white territories in his article The Diagnosis Does a Disservice. Still, Keith B. Wilson, in his article, Worrying Disparities in Diagnosis of Black and White Children, maintains

skills and the ability to learn may be inhibited in children with both conditions, which can cause

Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment psychiatric disorder which affects the executive functions of the body. For many people suffering from the disorder, they have issues with paying attention to a particular issue for a long period. They also exhibit signs of hyperactivity and impulsiveness which is not in line with an individual’s age (NIH, 2014). The symptoms of the disease normally occur in the children aged between six to twelve and have to persist for approximately six months for a diagnosis to be made. Many school going children that suffer from ADHD develop symptoms such as lack of attention which normally lead to poor performance in their tests and exams. Many people do not know the implications of having ADHD and for some the cases go undetected for a long period (ADHD Health, n.d). There are those individuals that do not suffer from the disease but since the medication enables one to have more concentration on an issue, they abuse the drug for their benefits. Before I was diagnosed with the disease, my parents could not understand my poor performance and I could not understand why it was so hard for me to concentrate in class no matter how hard I tried. The dismal results that I continued to display in school and lack of attention even when I was at home made my parents take me to the hospital for tests that indicated that I suffer from ADHD. For me, I did not quite understand how this happened but I was put on medication that

ADHD is a psychological disorder characterized difficulty sitting still, fidgetiness and trouble paying attention. ADHD is usually diagnosed in children while they are still in elementary school. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 11% of all kids in the US between the ages of 4 and 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD. In recent years, the prevalence of children being diagnosed with ADHD was spiked tremendously. For example, the rates of diagnosis increased by almost 6% per year just from the years 2003-2007. Due to increases in diagnosis, many psychologists have began to question whether or not the increase in ADHD is a true epidemic, or whether it is simply being over diagnosed.

Their lack of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may be seen when these lose interest in playing a game or watching a TV show, or if the child runs around and seems completely out of control. Then, parents or possibly their teacher or babysitter suspects that a child may have ADHD and may feel it is necessary to contact a pediatrician or a child psychologist to undergo an assessment of whether or not their child’s behavior is appropriate for their age. However, often they reassure that the child is behaving within normal limits and is just unusually exuberant or a little immature for their developmental age. There are some reasons that ADHD in childhood is unrecognized. First of all, getting an accurate diagnosis is tricky. ADHD usually overlaps with other disorders and symptoms such as depression, bipolar, autism and anxiety. The more symptoms of the condition the child has, the better it can be diagnosed. If the child shows vague and few symptoms, there is a high chance that it goes unrecognized. In addition, not a lot of mental health professionals have enough experience in ADHD because there are millions of mental disorders out there and ADHD is mainly limited to childhood disorder. Also, it has been only about 100 years since ADHD was discovered. Therefore, it is still being investigated and studied. Therefore, nearly 30% of children with ADHD continue to struggle with the condition as adults (Goldstein, 2002).

In the previous years, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become more widely accepted as a relatively common disorder in the United States. With that, 8.8% of children were diagnosed in 2011 compared to 7% in 2007 (Pomeroy, 2013). However, as the rise in diagnostics has increased, so has the level of controversy. Many people question whether or not ADHD is overly diagnosed in the adolescent, which leads to an over-prescription of psychological attention and pharmaceuticals. Because of the level of uncertainty between the biological and psychological conditions that cause this neurobehavioral disorder, it is hard to determine fully on whether or not the condition is actually overly diagnosed. However, this paper will discuss how the diagnosis of ADHD is not only overly abundant, but how it may as well be due to the nature of the assessment, the profuse recognition from the public, and the uncertainty behind the disorder itself.

ADHD is a lifelong condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Some characteristics are having difficulty sustaining information, does pay attention to details, failure to complete tasks, fidgets, and squirms excessively, blurts out, talks extremely, always on the go and has trouble doing quiet activities. Autism varies in every child. Autism is a range expression that can vary in severity. The most current symptoms include complications with communication, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.

“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting children and adults that is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity” (CHADD). “It is a neurobiological disorder that affect 3-7 percent of school age children and may be seen as before the age of 7. The current diagnostic label is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, however, in the past several other names have been used, such as brain-damaged, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinetic impulsive disorder, and attention deficit disorder (CHADD). ADHD is a controversial disorder. Some understand it to be a true disability, while others believe “good teaching and discipline at home resolve the problems” (Kauffman 2005).