Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifesp Case Study

Hypertension. His blood pressure is great here in the office. I will have him continue with his same medication and I will continue to follow along and he was asked also monitor for signs of hypotension and I did review with him what to be monitoring for.

“The patient is Adam Rudd, a 78 y/o white male with a history of hypertension. He has been diagnosed with hypertension past 15 years and is on anti-hypertensive medications and aspirin. He is very weak and short of breath. He is accompanied with his longtime friend Jennifer, who reports that Rudd was looking very weak and was complaining of severe headache and blurred vision before coming to the hospital. He is 5’9” and weighs 270 lb. Vital signs recorded were: oral temperature 98.20 F, BP 224/120 mm Hg with a heart rate of 102 beats/minute and respiration of 24 breaths per minute. The pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air. He is complaining of severe headache and blurred vision. Rudd said that he did not take his antihypertensive medication or aspirin since he ran out of pills. He has not been taking his medication for past 15 days. He reports no known allergies to any medications or other substances.”

Renal insufficiency, proteinuria. The patient has seen a nephrologist in the past for a kidney lesion. I do think it would be a good idea to check in with the nephrologist, once again. She will get me his name and we will go ahead and set this up. When I did this.

These results are showing a more acidosis level and with our pH low the PaCO2 low and also HCO3 low, Sam’s decreased level in the glascow coma scale and tachycardia we could consider a hyperglycaemic metabolic or ketosis acidosis and commence corrective treatment immediately( Roman,M,2008, p268).

CBC lab results can look normal or they can reflected hydration as polycythemia (shown as a high hematocrit level). A lack of insulin is present. This deficit in insulin causes glucose not to be taken into the cells of the body leaving glucose floating free in the blood stream. The increase in glucose can be determined on a CBC panel as well. Biochemical panels will most likely show liver abnormalities if the underlying cause if hepatic Lipidosis, pancreatitis, or extrahepatic biliary obstruction with severe pancreatitis. ALT and ALP levels become elevated in these cases. An increased BUN and creatinine m be high with either primary renal disease or pre-renal azotemia. Caused by dehydration or hypovolemia. Hyperlipidemia may also

Patient was in the ER room when first seen. PT was with her family members and family states that she speaks little English and that she has had abdominal pain for the past day along with bloody stools. Family states that she is on calcium supplements and no other medications. Last oral intake is 24 hours ago. Family states no known past medical history. Pt is in the hospital bed in the fetal position and towards the right side. Patient's airway is clear and breathing is normal. Skin is warm and dry. Patent is AAOx4. Assessment of head, neck, and chest show no signs of deformities. Abdominal area not assessed due to severe pain. Back is without deformity. The upper extremity shows no sign of deformities or trauma. The lower extremity shows

The bones are made up of two minerals, including calcium. Calcium is critical in order to maintain the level of bone mass to support structures of the body. If calcium is truncated in other regions of the body then it will be released from the bones into the bloodstream sending it to the appropriate destination. Bones begin to weaken if an insufficient amount of calcium is not consumed. The body will discontinue absorbing calcium if an abundant amount of calcium is consumed, in which vitamin D aids this process.

The patient is an 81-year-old female who was brought to the ER there this morning while trying to make her bed she felt a little bit dizzy. She felt like the room was spinning and she knew she was going to go down. The next day she remembers is that she saw some blood on the right side of her eye she was on the floor she activated her alarm and the EMS actually had to climb thru a window to get her. The patient denies any palpitations prior the episode or any prior episodes of passing out the past. In the ER she was having a glucose level of 47. She has is quite significant history, she had a laminectomy done in February 2015, was discharged to rehabilitation where she had some problems with difficulty breathing and ended up in Saint Barnabas

A (assessment): Ms. O’Reilly’s vital signs are temperature of 37.5 C, pulse of 112, blood pressure of 102/52, and respirations of 24. Her respirations are still deep but have a regular rhythm. She has a CBS of 8.1 and regular insulin running as per orders. The lab work shows uncompensated metabolic acidosis with no hypoxia. Ms. O’Reilly’s neurological status has improved with a GSC of 13. Her dehydration is being treated with NS containing 40mEQ KCL/L running at 200ml/hr and potassium levels maintained at 4.

There are different laboratory tests that can be ran by doctors that helps in diagnosing osteoporosis. These tests are run with samples of blood and urine from the patient. Some of the tests are blood calcium levels, 24-hour urine calcium measurement, thyroid function tests, parathyroid hormone levels, testosterone levels in men, 25-hydroxyvitamin D test to determine whether the body had enough vitamin D, and biochemical marker tests, such as NTX and CTX (NOF, 2010).

Blood samples were taken before and after the study to compare changes in calcium homeostasis and bone biomarkers. The Wilcoxon paired-sample test was used to assess baseline samples to supplementation and exercise samples after the 8-week study with the statistical significance set at p<0.05. The results showed and increase of 42.8% in 25-OH-vitamin D and a 17.5% decrease in PTH and 14.6% in BAP. The researchers findings suggest, the combination of vitamin C and E coupled with aerobic training may improve the regulation of calcium levels through the effect on bone that normally decreases in the elderly and further study with longer durations should be undertaken to evaluate BMD and fracture risk.

The main concern with HHNC is the client diuresing . This is a concern because of the loss of fluid, which in early stages results in hyponatremia . Later in the disease process, the patient will display elevated serum sodium levels, due to excessive fluid loss. This is a late sign that will be seen in a comatose patient suffering from HHNC . When a patient is constantly losing fluid , as such the case with HHNC, the patient’s serum level are increasingly elevated due to less fluid in the vascular space. This a main reason for elevate osmolality levels. Therefore , the patient will display signs of hypernatremia . Such signs, would include increased thirst or impaired thirst due to fluid loss and elevated serum sodium levels. Muscle weakness,

The patient is a 63-year-old gentleman who fell at home. He was found by his girlfriend on the floor and had some loss of consciousness. He had no trauma to his body. The patient was brought to the emergency room. Initially he was when he awakened by his lady friend he was confused, however in the ED he was awake, alert and oriented. Laboratory work revealed a sodium of 124 with a glucose of 218. CO2 is 16. Initially he did not remember the circumstances rather small however the day after admission he appeared to be able clarify his history and that he had defecated and then voided and so the assumption was made that the patient had an episode of micturition syncope. His sodium corrected to 129. The patient was placed in observation

Hypocalcemia can be caused by lack of vitamin D. It can also signal a condition of the four small glands in the neck (parathyroid glands), the kidneys, or the pancreas.

Mrs. P is a 63-year-old female who was not feeling well for a couple of weeks. She went to her Primary Care Physician (PCP) complaining of increased dyspnea on exertion, weakness, nausea, headaches, loss of appetite and periods of confusion. Since she has an extensive medical history that included pulmonary hypertension and emphysema, blood work was obtained. She was told that she had leukocytosis, hyponatremia (Sodium 126 mEq/L ), hypokalemia (Potassium 2.5 mEq/L) and an acute kidney injury (AKI). She was told to go to the emergency room and was admitted to the telemetry unit.