Advantages And Disadvantages Of Nasal Mucoadhesive

can be used to aid Narcolepsy. It was first discovered during the search for an cure for

Some medications come in the form of drops. These can be applied, for example, directly to the eye or ear to treat things like eye or ear infections. Ear drops should not be too cold when applied because they might cause pain or dizziness otherwise. There are also eye ointments and gels that are applied to the inside of the lower eyelid. It is especially important to keep eye medications germ-free.

Used to treat respiratory tract disorders, relieve cough associated with thickened mucous and poor mucus clearance.

Buccal Route- The purpose of Buccal Route is that it comes in different forms Examples: Tablets, Capsules, Lozenges, and Troches. It is placed between the cheek and gum which allows a slow release. Some advantages are that it is a good blood supply. Some disadvantages are that it has a nasty taste. You can not swallow this form of medication. It is inconvenient. You can only have small doses, and you have to hold the dose in the

If a patient is prescribed it, levels in the blood need to be constantly monitored. It is used to treat typhoid fever, brain abscesses and rickettsial and chlamydial infections that are resistant to other drugs.

Thus, I wish to focus my research in this. Besides, I am also highly interested in Localized Drug Delivery Systems. This is because, although drug administration has been a long-standing solution to alleviate illnesses, it also poses potential risks to health. Thus, if more researches are conducted to apply drugs locally instead of systemically, it can appreciably minimize their adverse effects and significantly enhance their delivery, both spatially and temporally, to combat some of the most fatal diseases of recent

It is used to control severe allergic reactions or patients who suffer from seasonal allergies such as (pollen allergies ) etc

Eudragit® RS100 is one of the most used polymer to coat oral drug formulations in order to improve dissolution time and attain a drug release control with time. It is a copolymer of poly(ethylacrylate, methyl-methacrylate) and chloro

Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that the orally administered nanoemulsions had a higher rate of absorption and the concentration of the drug in the brain and plasma was the highest. Formulation: The drug nanoemulsion was prepared by adding 50% of the drug solution (with dehydrated ethanol) to one ml of safflower oil and it was stirred for the oil drug mixture to distribute homogenously and for all the ethanol to evaporate. Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid.(40mg) make up the aqueous phase. Both the phases are heated at 70oc separately. The oil phase was slowly added to the aqueous phase and stirred well. The mixture was then sonicated (21% amplitude and 50%duty cycle). The mixture formed (drug containing nanoemulsion) was then filtered and stored at 4oc.Preparation of aqueous suspension was made using 3H Labeled drug and unlabeled drug in ethanol along with Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid. The suspension was sonicated in order to lessen the particle size [2]. An example is Saquinavir (anti-HIV inhibitor) showed enhanced oral absorption and increased concentration of drug in the brain when incorporated in a nanoemulsion

Paracetamol was first synthesized in 1878 by Morse, and then further introduced in 1883. Due to its misinterpretation of its safety profile, it had limited access on the market until the 1950s. This is due to the chemically similar and up until then preferred analgesic, phenacetin which was further withdrawn from the marker due to patients suffering renal toxicity. Now, Paracetamol forms Step 1 of the WHO analgesic ladder due to is role in multimodal analgesia and first line treatment for pain. With its various differences in administration techniques, oral and rectal can produce analgesia within 40 minutes and have maximal effect at one hour, as well as have large variations in bioavailability can make the onset and duration of the drug unpredictable. The introduction of intravenous administration was first established in 2002, with its bioavailability that limits its speed of onset. The onset of paracetamol occurs within five minutes, peaking at 40-60minutes and lasting from four to six hours (Macdonald,

Oxymetazoline (Afrin) - Its main purpose is to help in reduce nose congestion, and improve breathing.

This Bi-Directional™ technology could be utilized to any type of dispersion technologies related to liquid and powder. When delivery of drug is required, a user exhaled into the mouthpiece of device, soft palate is elevated and the nasal cavity is isolated from the rest of respiratory system. The patient exhaled force emitted the medication from device into nostril while closure of the soft palate prevented the entry of drug to the lungs. Expended nasal passage delivered medication deep into the targeted area of the nasal cavity. When medicine is delivered to the targeted sites, air following “Bi-Directional™ flow path” flowed around to the opposite side of the nasal cavity and exit through the other side of the nose rather than into the throat or lungs, as depicted in fig 6 [129, 130]. Nasal valve is a narrow opening in the nasal cavity, created a barrier for delivery of drug to brain. Neural connection to brain is located posterior to this valve. Traditional nasal devices deliver drug in or anterior to this valve. Optinose is a biopharmaceutical company, patented closed-palate Bi-Directional™ Breath Powered® DDSs. This technology used exhale device to target the drug to upper posterior part of the nasal cavity, beyond this valve [130]. Role of oxytocin has already been explored in the treatment of autism spectrum. Higher doses

agent to treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract diseases.It was used as an alternative medicine,which upon digestion has been found to significantly stimulate broad-spectrum immune activity including activation secretion

Hsieh and his research team from Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University formulated two thermoresponsive water-based biodegradable polyurethane dispersions that are potentially used as the ink for bioprinting of a scaffold that holding neural stem cells2. In general speaking, it is a type of ink called “hydrogel”2, which commonly used in soft tissues printing such as neural and muscle tissues3, it is able the mimic the real cell growing environment in the body. Also, it could be made by various formulation giving different properties for different usage3. Dr. Hsieh and his team formulated two hydrogels with similar properties and major components, the only difference is a chemical that that compose the soft

It helps control gag reflex and effectively treats sensitive teeth. It provides you the best treatment options to improve chronic dental and gum diseases.